fall
verb
noun
fɔːl verb
1
MOVE DOWNWARDS
向下移动
to move or drop down from a higher position to a lower position 落下，降落，跌落 I
The tree was about to fall.
那棵树快要倒下了。
The book fell from his hands.
书从他手上跌落。
Enough rain had fallen to flood the grounds.
雨量很大，淹没了场地。
[+ down ]
Rob fell down the stairs.
罗布从楼梯上跌了下来。
She flushed and her eyes fell (=she looked down) .
她脸红了，垂下眼帘。
2
STOP STANDING/WALKING ETC
停止站立/行走等
to suddenly go down onto the ground after you have been standing, walking, or running, especially without intending to 摔倒，跌倒 I
I fell and hit my head.
我跌了一跤，撞到了头。
slip/stumble/trip etc and fall
He slipped and fell on the ice.
他在冰面上滑倒了。
[+ down ]
Lizzie fell down and hurt her knee.
莉齐跌伤了膝盖。
Peter was playing by the river when he fell in (=fell into the water) .
彼得在河边玩，突然掉进了水里。
fall to/on your knees (move down to the ground so that your body is resting on your knees) 跪下，下跪
She fell to her knees beside his body.
她跪倒在他的尸体旁边。
3
DECREASE
减少
to go down to a lower level, amount, price etc, especially a much lower one 〔水平、数量、价格等较大幅度地〕下跌，下降，降低; I
The rate of inflation was falling.
通货膨胀率正在下降。
The island is warm all year round and winter temperatures never fall below 10 degrees.
这个岛全年气候温暖，冬季气温从没有降到 10 度以下。
He believes that educational standards are falling.
他认为教育水准在下降。
[+ from ]
Advertising revenue fell from $98.5 million to $93.3 million.
广告收益从 9,850 万美元降至 9,330 万美元。
[+ to ]
The number of subscribers had fallen to 1000.
订阅人数已降至 1000 人。
fall sharply/steeply (by a large amount) 骤降
London share prices fell sharply yesterday.
昨天伦敦股价大跌。
4
BECOME
变成
to start to be in a new or different state 进入〔新的或不同的状态〕 I, linking verb 连系动词
[+ adj ]
I’ll stay with her until she falls asleep .
我会一直陪着她，直到她睡着。
I think that I’ve fallen in love with Angela.
我觉得我爱上安杰拉了。
She fell ill with flu.
她患感冒，病倒了。
Albert fell silent and turned his attention to his food.
艾伯特沉默下来，将注意力转移到食物上。
[+ into ]
The house was empty for many years and fell into disrepair.
那幢房子空了许多年，变得破旧不堪。
One false step can mean falling into debt.
走错一步就可能意味着负债。
He fell into despair.
他陷入绝望之中。
5
BELONG TO A GROUP
属于某一团体
to belong to or be part of a particular group, area of responsibility, range of things, or type of things 属于 I always + prep
[+ into ]
Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses.
许多病都属于与压力有关的疾病。
Leaders fall into two categories.
领导分两类。
[+ within ]
The judge said that this matter did not fall within the scope of the auditor’s duties.
法官称这件事不属于审计员的职责范畴。
[+ under ]
The job falls under the heading of ‘sales and marketing’.
这个职位属于“市场营销”这一类。
Meat production falls under the control of the Agriculture Department.
肉类生产由农业部管辖。
6
fall short of sth
to be less than the amount or standard that is needed or that you want 未达到…，不足…，未满…
This year’s profit will fall short of 13%.
今年的利润将不足 13%。
He would sack any of his staff who fell short of his high standards.
他会将没有达到他高标准的员工都开除掉。
7
fall victim/prey to sth/sb
to get a very serious illness or be attacked or deceived by someone 得重病; 受到某物/某人的攻击 （欺骗 ）
Breastfed babies are less likely to fall victim to stomach disorders.
母乳喂养的宝宝不大会有胃部不适。
people who fall victim to violence
遭受暴力的人
8
night/darkness/dusk falls
if night etc falls, it starts to become dark at the beginning of the night 夜幕/黑夜/傍晚降临
It grew colder as night fell.
夜幕降临，气温越来越低。
Darkness had fallen by the time we reached home.
我们到家的时候天已经黑了。
9
silence/a hush/sadness etc falls
used to say that a person, group, or place becomes quiet, sad etc [文] 安静下来/寂静下来/悲伤起来等 literary
A long silence fell between us.
我俩沉默了很长时间。
10
START DOING STH
开始做某事
to start doing something or being involved with something, often without intending to 开始（做某事） I
I fell into conversation with some guys from New York.
我开始与一些纽约来的家伙交谈起来。
He had fallen into the habit of having a coffee every time he passed the coffee machine.
他养成了每次经过咖啡机就要喝一杯咖啡的习惯。
11
fall into place
11. a. if parts of a situation that you have been trying to understand fall into place, you start to understand how they are connected with each other b. if the parts of something that you want to happen fall into place, they start to happen in the way that you want 〔事情〕按照意愿 （设想 ）发生
Suddenly, all the details started falling into place.
突然间，所有的细节都明朗起来。
I was lucky because everything fell into place at exactly the right time.
我真幸运，一切都来得正当时。
12
fall to pieces/bits
12. a. to break into many pieces b. if something such as a plan or a relationship falls to pieces, it stops working properly 〔计划、关系等〕破裂，崩溃;
The book had been well used and finally fell to pieces.
这本书用得很多，最后散了架。
The family is falling to pieces.
这个家庭破裂了。
13
be falling to pieces/bits
13. if something is falling to pieces, it is in very bad condition, especially because it is very old 变得破旧不堪;
The house is falling to pieces.
那幢房子破旧不堪。
14
fall flat
14. if a joke, remark, or performance falls flat, it fails to interest or amuse people 〔笑话、说话或表演〕达不到预期效果，无法逗人笑
Marlow’s attempts at jokes fell flat.
马洛讲的笑话没有把大家逗笑。
15
fall foul of sb/sth
15. to do something which makes someone angry or which breaks a rule, with the result that you are punished 激怒某人; 违反（法规）〔从而受到惩处〕
He is worried that his teenage kids will fall foul of the law.
他担心他十几岁的孩子会犯法。
16
fall by the wayside
16. to fail, or to stop being done, used, or made 半途而废
Health reform was one of his goals that fell by the wayside.
医疗改革是他的目标之一，却在半途夭折了。
Luxury items fall by the wayside during a recession.
在经济衰退时期，奢侈品就会乏人问津。
17
fall from grace/favour
17. to stop being liked by people in authority 失去信任; 失去恩宠
He fell from grace for the first time when he was convicted of drink-driving.
他被判酒后驾车，第一次失去信任。
18
fall from a great height
18. to be forced to leave an important job or position, or lose the respect that people had for you 从高位跌落〔指被迫离开要职或失去了人们的尊重〕
19
fall into the hands/clutches of sb
19. if something or someone falls into the hands of an enemy or dangerous person, the enemy etc gets control or possession of them 落入某人的手中/控制中
He wants to prevent the business falling into the hands of a competitor.
他想阻止公司落入对手的手中。
We must not let these documents fall into the wrong hands .
我们一定不能让这些文件落到可能对我们不利的人手中。
20
fall into a trap/pitfall
20. to make a mistake that many people make 犯众人犯的错误
Don’t fall into the trap of feeling guilty.
不要陷入自责的误区。
21
fall into step
21. a. to start to walk next to someone else, at the same speed as them b. to start doing something in the same way as the other members of a group 与…步调一致; 与…方式一样
[+ beside/with ]
Holly slowed her pace and fell into step with the old man.
霍莉放慢步子，与老人齐步行走。
[+ with ]
The other countries on the Council are expected to fall into step with the US.
预计理事会的其他成员国会与美国步调一致。
22
fall into line
22. to obey someone or do what other people want you to do, especially when you do not want to do it at first 听从，服从
Most countries have signed the treaty but some are reluctant to fall into line.
大多数国家已签署了该条约，但是有些国家不愿顺从。
23
HANG DOWN
垂下
to hang down loosely 下垂，低垂 I always + adv/prep
[+ over ]
His dark hair fell over his face.
他那深色的头发垂落下来，盖在他的脸上。
24
LIGHT/SHADOW
光线/阴影
to shine on a surface or go onto a surface 照射（到），落到 I always + adv/prep
The last rays of sunlight were falling on the fields.
夕阳的余晖照在田野上。
Arthur’s shadow fell across the doorway.
阿瑟的影子投映在门口。
25
SPECIAL EVENT/CELEBRATION
特殊事件/庆典
to happen on a particular day or at a particular time 发生 I always + adv/prep
I’d like to dedicate this record to all whose anniversaries fall at this time of year.
我要将这张唱片献给所有纪念日在这个时候的人。
[+ on ]
Her birthday will fall on a Friday this year.
她的生日今年适逢星期五。
26
LOSE POWER
失去权力
if a leader or a government falls, they lose their position of power 下台，倒台 I
The previous government fell after only 6 months in office.
前政府执政仅 6 个月便下台了。
27
BE TAKEN BY AN ENEMY
被敌人占领
if a place falls in a war or an election, a group of soldiers or a political party takes control of it 沦陷，失守; 被控制 I
[+ to ]
The city fell to the advancing Russian armies.
那座城市被挺进的俄军攻陷。
28
BE KILLED
遇害
to be killed in a war 阵亡，被击毙; I
29
HIT
打中 击中
to hit a particular place or a particular part of someone’s body 打中，击中 I always + adv/prep
[+ on ]
The first punch fell on his nose.
第一拳落在他的鼻子上。
30
it’s as easy as falling off a log
30. used to say that something is very easy to do [口] 这极其容易 spoken
31
VOICE/SOUND
嗓音/声音
if someone’s voice or a sound falls, it becomes quieter or lower 〔嗓音或声音〕变轻，变小; I
32
fall between two stools
32. to be neither one type of thing nor another, or be unable to choose between two ways of doing something [英] 两头落空; 举棋不定 BrE
33
fall on stony ground
33. if a request, suggestion, joke etc falls on stony ground, it is ignored or people do not like it [英] 〔要求、建议、笑话等〕未达到预期效果 BrE
34
fall from sb’s lips
34. if words fall from someone’s lips, they say them [文] 〔话〕从某人口中说出 literary
35
the stress/accent/beat falls on sth
35. used to say that a particular part of a word, phrase, or piece of music is emphasized or is played more loudly than the rest 重读/重音/拍子落在…上
In the word ‘report’, the stress falls on the second syllable.
在 report 这个词里，重音落在第二个音节上。
36 to laugh a lot about something 捧腹大笑
It was so funny everyone just fell about laughing.
太有趣了，所有人都捧腹大笑。
37 if an organization, system, relationship etc falls apart, it stops being effective or successful 〔组织、制度、关系等〕崩溃，破裂
Don’t be reckless or your plans may fall apart.
别鲁莽，否则你的计划可能会失败。
The health service is falling apart at the seams .
医疗保健制度正在崩溃。
38
be falling apart
to be in very bad condition 快散架，破旧不堪
Tommy’s old bicycle was rusty and falling apart.
汤米的旧自行车锈迹斑斑，都快散架了。
39 to break into pieces 破碎，断裂，散开
The book fell apart in my hands.
那本书在我手里散了架。
40 to be unable to deal with your personal or emotional problems 垮掉，崩溃
She had to get some rest or she was going to fall apart.
她必须休息，否则要崩溃了。
41
sb’s world/life falls apart
if someone’s world or life falls apart, something very bad and serious happens which changes their life 某人的世界/生活垮掉
When his wife left him, his world fell apart.
妻子离他而去，他的世界就垮了。
42 to slope down 向下倾斜
From where we stood, the ground fell away sharply to the valley floor.
地面从我们所站的地方陡然向谷底倾斜。
43 to become separated from something after being fixed to it 剥落
The paint was falling away in patches.
有几块地方油漆在剥落。
44 if a feeling falls away, you stop having it, usually suddenly 〔感觉〕突然消失，突然消散
The view from the top was wonderful and our tiredness fell away.
顶上景色秀美，我们倦意顿消。
45 to decrease [英] 减少，减小; BrE
Demand for our more theoretical courses has fallen away.
要我们增开理论课的需求已经减少了。
46 if soldiers fall back, they move back because they are being attacked 撤退，退后;
He yelled for his men to fall back.
他大喊着叫他的部下后撤。
47 to move backwards because you are very surprised, frightened etc 〔因惊奇、恐惧等而〕后退，退却
Scott fell back a pace in astonishment.
斯科特吃惊地后退了一步。
48 to decrease [英] 减少，减小; BrE
When inflation started to rise, house prices fell back.
通货膨胀开始上升的时候，房价就回落了。
49 to go back to doing something or behaving in a way which you did before 回退到（以前的做法）
I was amazed at how easily I fell back into the old routine.
我很奇怪自己这么容易又回到了以前的生活习惯。
50 to use something or depend on someone’s help when dealing with a difficult situation, especially after other methods have failed （转而）依靠; 求助于; 借助于
have sb/sth to fall back on
She has no relatives to fall back on.
她没有亲戚可以依靠。
Where negotiation fails, they must fall back on the law.
谈判解决不了的，他们就必须依靠法律来解决。
51 to go more slowly than other people so that they gradually move further ahead of you 落在（某人/某物的）后面
His mother was chatting and didn’t notice that he had fallen behind.
他妈妈在聊天，没注意到他落在了后面。
She hurt her ankle and had fallen behind the others.
她伤了脚踝，落在了别人的后面。
52 to become less successful than other people, companies, countries etc 落后（于某人/某物）
After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid she has fallen behind educationally.
珍妮住了一段时间医院，父母担心她学习跟不上。
Companies that are not market-driven risk falling behind the competition.
不以市场为导向的公司有可能在竞争中落在后头。
53 to fail to finish a piece of work or pay someone money that you owe them at the right time 不能按时完成（工作）; 拖欠（还款）
[+ with/on ]
After losing his job, he fell behind with his mortgage payments.
失业后，他的抵押还款就拖欠了。
The project has fallen behind schedule .
这项工程已经误期了。
54 be falling down if a building is falling down, it is in very bad condition 〔建筑物〕破旧不堪
The bridge is falling down and will need a million dollars to repair it.
那座桥破旧不堪，需要一百万美元来维修。
55 to fail because of a particular reason or in a particular way 不足; 不够好
That’s where the whole argument falls down.
那就是整个论点站不住脚的地方。
[+ on ]
He is falling down on the supervisory aspects of his job.
他在监管方面工作做得不太好。
The local authority is falling down on the job of keeping the streets clean.
地方当局在保持街道清洁方面做得不够。
56 to be tricked into believing something that is not true 上…的当，受…的骗
He is too smart to fall for that trick.
他很精明，不会上那种当的。
57 to start to love someone 爱上〔某人〕
That was the summer I worked at the fairground, and met and fell for Lucy.
就是那个夏天，我在露天游乐场工作，遇到了露西并爱上了她。
58 to like a place as soon as you see it 对〔某地〕一见倾心
59 if the roof, ceiling etc falls in, it falls onto the ground 〔屋顶、天花板等〕坍倒，塌下，垮掉;
60 to start walking or forming a line of people behind someone else 列队; 集合
[+ behind ]
His men fell in behind him.
他的手下在他身后集合起来。
61 to move somewhere quickly by relaxing your body and letting it fall on something 扑倒在某物上
She turned and fell into his arms.
她转身扑进他的怀里。
We fell into bed, exhausted.
我们倒在床上，精疲力竭。
62 to start doing something by chance 碰巧开始做某事
I fell into the job really.
我其实是碰巧做起这个工作的。
63 to accept someone’s ideas, decisions etc and not disagree with them 赞同，接受〔某人的想法、决定等〕
Once she explained her problem, he was happy to fall in with her plans.
一旦她说明了自己的问题，他就欣然同意了她的计划。
64 to become friendly with a person or group of people after meeting them by chance 结交;
She fell in with the wrong crowd in her teens.
她十几岁的时候结交了坏朋友。
65
fall off (sth)
if part of something falls off, it becomes separated from the main part （从某物上）掉下，脱落
The door handle keeps falling off.
门把手老是掉下来。
A button had fallen off her jacket.
她的外套掉了一颗纽扣。
66 if the amount, rate, or quality of something falls off, it decreases 〔数量、比率或质量〕下降，减少;
Audience figures fell off during the second series of the programme.
这个节目第二期播出时收看人数减少了。
67
sb nearly/almost fell off their chair
used to say that someone was very surprised when something happened [口] 某人差点从椅子上掉下来〔用于表示某人十分惊讶〕 spoken
When I saw my brother on the stage I nearly fell off my chair.
看到弟弟在台上，我差点没从椅子上掉下来。
68 if a duty or job falls on someone, they are responsible for doing it 〔责任或工作〕落在…身上
The responsibility usually falls on the mother.
担子一般都落在妈妈身上。
69 to eagerly start eating or using something [文] 急着开始吃 （用 ）〔某物〕 literary
She fell on the food as if she hadn’t eaten for days.
她急吼吼地吃了起来，好像几天没吃饭似的。
70 to suddenly attack or get hold of someone [文] 突然攻击 （抓住 ）〔某人〕 literary
Some of the older boys fell on him and broke his glasses.
一些大一点的男孩子突然向他袭来，打碎了他的眼镜。
71
sb’s eyes/gaze/glance fall(s) on sth
if your eyes etc fall on something, you notice it 某人的目光落在某物上
His eyes fell on her bag. ‘Are you going somewhere?’
他的目光落在她的包上，“你是不是要去什么地方？”
72
fall on hard/bad times
to experience difficulties and problems in your life such as not having enough money 陷入贫困，境遇艰难
The aim is to raise money for workers who have fallen on hard times.
目的是为境遇艰难的工人筹款。
73 to have a quarrel 争吵
[+ with ]
Carrie’s always falling out with people.
卡丽老是跟人争吵。
74 if a tooth or your hair falls out, it is then no longer attached to your body 〔牙齿或头发〕掉落，脱落
The drugs made her hair fall out.
这种药使她掉头发。
75 if soldiers fall out, they stop standing in a line and move away to different places 〔士兵〕离开队列，解散
76 to fall onto the ground or to fall from an upright position 倒下，摔倒
Tommy fell over and cut his knee badly.
汤米摔了一跤，膝盖摔破了一大块。
Her bike fell over.
她的自行车倒了。
77
fall over sth
to hit your foot against something by mistake and fall to the ground 被某物绊倒;
She fell over the dog and broke her front teeth.
她被那只狗绊了一跤，磕碎了门牙。
78
fall over yourself to do sth
to be very eager to do something, especially something you do not usually do 忙不迭地做某事，急着做某事〔尤指一般不做的事〕
People were falling over themselves to help her.
人们在尽力帮她。
79 if an agreement, plan, sale etc falls through, it is not completed successfully 〔协议、计划、销售等〕失败，化为泡影
The studio planned to make a movie of the book but the deal fell through.
电影公司计划把那本书拍成电影，但是交易没谈成。
80 if a duty or job falls to someone, they are responsible for doing it, especially when this is difficult or unpleasant 〔尤指困难或令人不悦的事〕落在〔某人身上〕
It fell to me to give her the bad news.
把这个坏消息告诉她的任务落在了我身上。
81 to start doing something [书面] 开始做〔某事〕 written
They fell to work with a will.
他们满腔热情，开始干了起来。
fall to doing sth
He fell to thinking about how nice a warm bath would be.
他开始思忖起洗个热水澡该有多么舒服啊。
noun
82
MOVEMENT DOWN
向下的移动
movement down towards the ground or towards a lower position 下跌，跌落; 跌倒 C
the first fall of autumn leaves
秋叶的第一次飘落
The rise and fall of the dancers’ bodies create a pattern.
舞者身体的起伏构成了一幅图案。
Mrs Evans had a fall (=fell to the ground) and broke her leg.
埃文斯太太摔了一跤，跌断了一条腿。
He stretched out his hands to break his fall (=prevent himself from falling too quickly and hurting himself) .
他伸出双手撑了一下，以免自己摔得太重。
83
REDUCTION
减少
a reduction in the amount, level, price etc of something 〔数量、水平、价格等的〕下降，降低，减少; C
[+ in ]
There has been a fall in oil prices.
油价下跌了。
sharp/steep fall
[+ of ]
Their industrial output went down again in December, which meant a fall of 2.2% over the year.
12月，他们的工业产量再次下降，那就意味着全年减少了 2.2%。
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SEASON
季节
the season between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes slightly colder [美] 秋季; singular 单数 | AmE
Eleanor plans to go to Southwestern Community College this fall.
伊琳诺打算今年秋天去上西南社区大学。
The area is beautiful in the fall.
秋天，这个地区景色优美。
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LOSS OF POWER/SUCCESS
失去权力/失败
a situation in which someone or something loses their position of power or becomes unsuccessful 垮台，崩溃; 衰败 singular 单数
[+ from ]
The president lived on for twenty years after his fall from power.
那位总统下台后活了二十年。
the story of Napoleon’s rise and fall (=period of success followed by failure)
拿破仑的兴衰史
Rumours are that the company is heading for a fall (=is likely to fail soon) .
谣传这家公司要倒闭了。
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fall from grace
a situation in which someone stops being respected by other people or loses their position of authority, especially because they have done something wrong 〔尤因做错事后〕不再受人尊敬，失去权威性
He was the head of the intelligence service until his fall from grace.
失去人们的信任之前，他是情报部门的负责人。
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DEFEAT
战败
a situation in which a country, city etc is defeated by an enemy 〔国家、城市等的〕陷落，沦陷; 战败，败亡 singular 单数
[+ of ]
the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70
公元 70 年耶路撒冷的沦陷
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falls Falls
also 又作 a place where a river suddenly goes straight down over a cliff 瀑布 plural 复数
The spray from the falls is so dense that you can hardly see.
瀑布溅起的水雾密得让人难以看清东西。
Niagara Falls
尼亚加拉大瀑布
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SPORT
体育运动
an act of forcing your opponent onto the ground in WRESTLING or JUDO 〔摔跤或柔道中的〕压倒，按倒 C
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SNOW/ROCKS
雪/岩石
an amount of snow, rocks etc that falls onto the ground 〔雪、岩石等的〕降落（量） C
[+ of ]
Fresh falls of snow were forecast.
预报还有几次降雪。
The road is blocked by a rock fall.
公路被崩落的岩石堵住了。
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the Fall the fall
10. also 又作 the occasion in the Bible when God punished Adam and Eve by making them leave the Garden of Eden 人类堕落〔《圣经》中上帝惩罚亚当与夏娃，把他们赶出伊甸园〕