查词 - if

conjunction

noun

ɪf conjunction

1 used when talking about something that might happen or be true, or might have happened 假若，要是，如果

We’ll stay at home if it rains.

如果下雨，我们就待在家里。

If you need money, I can lend you some.

如果你需要钱，我能借给你一些。

If I didn’t apologize I’d feel guilty.

如果我不道歉，我会感到内疚。

If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams.

要是你再努力一点，就会通过考试了。

What would happen to your family if you were to die in an accident?

要是你在意外事故中身亡，你的家人会怎么样呢？

If Dad were here, he would know what to do.

如果爸爸在这儿，他会知道怎么做的。

Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary .

尝尝这汤，需要的话加一点盐和胡椒粉。

I want to get back by five o’clock if possible .

如果可能的话，我想五点之前回来。

I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not , you’ll have to wait till Friday.

我想明天我能修好它，如果不行，你只好等到周五了。

Is the book available, and if so where?

有没有这本书？如果有的话，在哪儿？

The missiles can be fired only if the operator types in a six-digit code.

只有当操作员输入一个六位数的密码，导弹才能发射。

We’ll face that problem if and when it comes along (=if it happens or when it happens) .

如果问题发生了，我们就要面对它。

If by any chance you can’t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together.

万一你今晚不能吃晚饭，或许我们至少可以一起喝一杯。

2 used to mention a fact, situation, or event that someone asks about, or is not certain about 是否

He stopped to ask me if I was all right.

他停下来问我是否身体不适。

I don’t know if what I am saying makes any sense.

我不知道我说的话是否有理。

I doubt if anyone will remember me.

我怀疑是否会有人记得我。

I’m not sure if this is the right road or not .

我不肯定这条路对不对。

3 used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of that type 当，每次

If I go to bed late I feel dreadful in the morning.

我要是睡晚了，早上起来就会感觉非常糟。

Plastic will melt if it gets too hot.

塑料太热会融化。

4 used when saying what someone’s feelings are about a possible situation 〔用于表示某人对某一可能的情况的情感〕

You don’t seem to care if I’m tired.

你好像不在意我是不是很累。

I’m sorry if I upset you.

抱歉让你不高兴了。

It would be nice if we could spend more time together.

如果我们能多些时间在一起有多好。

5 used when making a polite request [口] 〔用于礼貌地提出要求〕 spoken

I wonder if you could help me.

我想知道你能否帮我个忙。

I’d be grateful if you would send me further details.

如能寄上详细资料，将不胜感激。

Would you mind if I open a window?

我开扇窗可以吗？

If you would just wait for a moment, I’ll try to find your papers.

如果你再等会儿，我会尽力找到你的论文的。

6 used when you are adding that something may be even more, less, better, worse etc than you have just said 即使; 纵然; 尽管

Brian rarely, if ever, goes to bed before 3 am.

布赖恩难得在早上 3 点钟之前睡觉。

Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election.

自从上次选举以后，他们的政策纵使改变也微乎其微。

Her needs are just as important as yours, if not more so.

纵然她的需求不更重要，但至少和你的一样重要。

The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out.

雪有两英尺厚，要把汽车拉出来很困难，尽管不是不可能。

even if

used to emphasize that, although something may happen or may be true, it will not change a situation 即使; 虽然

I wouldn’t tell you even if I knew.

即使我知道也不告诉你。

Even if she survives, she’ll never fully recover.

即使她挺过来，也绝不会完全康复。

if anything

used when adding a remark that changes what you have just said or makes it stronger 甚至正相反，甚至还不如说

It’s warm enough here in London. A little too warm, if anything.

伦敦够暖和，其实是太暖和了。

9 used during a conversation when you are trying to make a suggestion, change the subject, or interrupt someone else [口] 〔用于谈话时想提出建议、换个话题，或打断别人〕 spoken

If I might just make a suggestion, I think that the matter could be easily settled with a little practical demonstration.

我能否提个建议，我认为做点实际示范就能轻松地解决问题。

If I could just take one example to illustrate this.

我能否举一个例子来说明这一点。

if I were you

10. used when giving advice and telling someone what you think they should do [口] 如果我是你〔用于给某人忠告时〕 spoken

I wouldn’t worry about it if I were you.

我要是你的话，就不会为此担心。

if only

11. a. used to express a strong wish, especially when you know that what you want cannot happen b. used to give a reason for something, although you think it is not a good one 要是，只要〔用于为某事给原因，即使不充分〕

If only he had talked to her sooner!

他要是早点和她谈话就好了！

If only I weren’t so tired!

我要是不这么累该多好！

Media studies is regarded as a more exciting subject, if only because it’s new.

仅仅因为大众传播学是门新兴学科，它就被认为更刺激。

12 used to say that although something may be true, it is not important 如果〔用于承认某事可能，但不重要〕

If he has a fault at all, it is that he is too generous.

如果他有什么缺点的话，那就是他太慷慨了。

Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is that she expects to be successful all the time.

她唯一的问题，如果称得上是问题的话，就是她总是渴望成功。

13 used when adding one criticism of a person or thing that you generally like 但，却，不过〔用于对你喜欢的人或事作批评〕

The eldest son was highly intelligent, if somewhat lazy.

大儿子很聪明，不过有点懒。

Lunch was a grand if rather noisy affair.

午餐很隆重，但有点吵。

if will shall

When you are using to talk about something that might happen in the future, use the present simple tense, not or . 当用 if 来指未来会发生某事时，其后用一般现在时，不用 will 或 shall

if I fail the test (NOT 不说 if I will fail the test)

如果我测验通不过…

To refer to the present or the future after when you are talking about something unlikely or untrue, use the past tense, not ‘would’ or ‘should’. 当用 if 来指现在或将来某事不可能发生或不真实时，其后用过去时，不用 would 或 should

If someone gave me the money, I’d buy a car tomorrow (NOT 不说 If someone would give me the money...) .

如果有人给我钱，明天我就买一辆汽车。

were was I, he, she, it, there

In formal English or in writing, use not when the subject of the clause is or a singular noun. 正式英语或书面英语中，当句子的主语是 I, he, she, it, there 或单数名词时，要用 were ，而不用 was

If I were in that position, I’d get legal advice.

如果我处于那个位置，我就会听取律师的建议。

Imagine how you would feel if your child were killed.

如果你的孩子被杀，想想你会是什么感觉。

17 In normal conversation, you can also use was . 在日常对话中，也可以用 was

If I was ten years younger, I’d go out with him.

如果我年轻十岁的话，我就和他出去约会了。

if I were you

The expression is fixed. Do not say ‘if I was you’, even in normal conversation. if I were you 是固定词组。不要说 if I was you，即使是日常对话也不行

If I were you, I’d have a talk with your parents.

如果我是你，我就会和你的父母谈谈。

19 To refer to the past when you are talking about something that did not happen, use the past perfect tense. 如果指过去某事没有发生，用过去完成时

If he had married Laura, he would have been unhappy (NOT 不说 If he would have married Laura...) .

如果他娶了劳拉，他就会不快乐。

noun

ifs and buts ifs, ands, or buts

if you do not want any ifs and buts, you want someone to do something quickly without arguing 〔为故意拖延而作的〕借口，托词 BrE , AmE

No ifs and buts – just make sure the job is done by tomorrow!

别找任何借口，一定要保证在明天把工作完成！

and it’s a big if

used to say that something is not likely to happen 这是一大疑问〔用于表示某事不大可能发生〕

The team will go racing next year if – and it’s a very big if – they can raise six million pounds.

该队明年会参加比赛 — 如果他们能筹集六百万英镑，但这是一大疑问。

22 something that may or may not happen 假设，设想

There are too many ifs in this plan of yours.

你的计划里有太多的假设。