against
prep
əˈɡenst prep
1 a. used to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something b. used to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone c. used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule 〔法律或法规〕禁止
Every council member voted against the proposal.
每个市政会委员都对该提案投了反对票。
those who are campaigning against the new road
鼓动反对修筑新公路的人
He advised me against travelling.
他建议我不要去旅行。
Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.
霍华德先生声明反对任何形式的种族主义。
the fight against terrorism
反恐怖主义的斗争
They got married against her parents’ wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to) .
他们是违背她父母的意愿结婚的。
She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house) .
她被人强行关在屋子里。
The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal) .
施用某些药物是违法的。
It’s against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right) .
向人借钱违背我的原则。
There ought to be a law against it.
应该有条法律来禁止这种事。
2 used to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc 和…比赛 （打仗等 ）
Gambotti was injured in last Saturday’s game against the Lions.
甘博蒂在上周六与雄狮队的比赛中受了伤。
We’ll be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我们要和欧洲一些一流的公司竞争。
3 used to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage 对…造成伤害 （威胁，不利 ）
violence against elderly people
对老年人的暴力行为
crimes against humanity
反人类罪
discrimination against women
对妇女的歧视
There had been death threats against prison staff.
有人对监狱管理人员发出了死亡威胁。
Your lack of experience could count against you.
缺乏经验对你可能是个不利因素。
The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.
法规往往对较小的公司不利。
4 used to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface 碰; 撞
the sound of the rain drumming against my window
雨点敲打我的窗户的声音
The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.
汽车打滑了，我们听到了金属相碰的嘎吱声。
5 next to and touching an upright surface, especially for support 倚着，靠着
There was a ladder propped up against the wall.
有一把梯子靠在墙边。
The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.
那位较年轻的警官两臂交叉，倚靠在办公桌旁。
6 in the opposite direction to the movement or flow of something 逆;
sailing against the wind
逆风航行
She dived down and swam out strongly against the current.
她跳下水，逆流奋力游出去。
7 seen with something else behind or as a background 以…为背景; 衬托
He could see a line of figures silhouetted against the sky.
他看到一排人影映衬在天空。
It is important to know what colours look good against your skin.
了解自己皮肤配什么颜色很重要。
8 used to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time 在…情况下; 在…背景下
The reforms were introduced against a background of social unrest.
改革是在社会动荡的背景下开始的。
9 used to say what you are comparing something with 与…相比
The pound has fallen 10% against the dollar.
英镑对美元下跌了10%。
She checked the contents of the box against the list.
她对照清单检查箱子里的东西。
The cost of the proposed research needs to be balanced against its benefits.
对于计划中的研究，其费用和得益需要通盘考虑，权衡轻重。
10 used to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from 防…，抗…
insurance against accident and sickness
意外事故和疾病保险
a cream to protect against sunburn
一种防止晒伤的乳霜
a vaccine which is effective against pneumonia
一种预防肺炎的疫苗
11 used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong 表明 （声称 ）…有错
He has always emphatically denied the allegations against him.
他一直断然否认对他的指控。
The evidence against you is overwhelming.
对你不利的证据无可辩驳。
12
be/come up against sb/sth
12. to have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem 必须面对某人/某事
You see, this is what we’re up against – the suppliers just aren’t reliable.
你瞧，这就是我们遇到的难题，供应商就是靠不住。
13
have sth against sb/sth
13. to dislike or disapprove of someone or something 不喜欢 （不赞成 ）某人/某事
I don’t have anything against babies. I just don’t feel very comfortable with them.
我并不是不喜欢婴儿，只是觉得跟他们在一起不太舒服。