back
adv
noun
verb
adj
bæk
adv
1
RETURN TO PLACE
回原处
in,
into,
or
to
the
place
or
position
where
someone
or
something
was
before
回到原处; 恢复原状
I’ll
be
back
in
a
minute.
我马上回来。
Put
that
book
back
where
you
found
it!
把那本书放回原处！
[+
in/to/into
etc
]
Rory
plugged
the
cable
back
into
the
socket.
罗里把电缆插回插座。
I
feel
like
going
back
to
bed.
我想回去睡觉。
go/get/head
etc
back
We
ought
to
try
and
get
back
before
it
gets
dark.
我们应该想办法在天黑之前回去。
He
was
back
home
by
half-past
eleven.
他是十一点半之前回家的。
It’s
possible
to
travel
there
and
back
in
a
day.
到那里一天来回是可以的。
2
AS BEFORE
和以前一样
in
or
into
the
condition
or
situation
you
were
in
before
恢复原来的状态
Gary
woke
at
4
am
and
couldn’t
get
back
to
sleep.
加里四点钟醒来后就再也睡不着了。
It
took
me
a
long
time
to
get
my
confidence
back.
我很长时间以后才重拾自信。
If
you
decide
to
marry
him,
there
will
be
no
going
back
(=you
will
not
be
able
to
get
back
to
your
previous
situation)
.
你要是决定嫁给他，就没有回头路可走了。
go/get
back
to
(doing)
sth
There’s
no
way
I’m
going
back
to
being
poor.
我无论如何都不会让自己再过穷日子。
It’ll
take
a
while
for
things
to
get
back
to
normal.
要过一阵子才能恢复正常。
3
PREVIOUS PLACE
以前的地方
in
or
to
a
place
where
you
lived
or
worked
before
在以前的地方; 回到以前的地方
[+
in/at
]
She
was
the
one
who
had
fired
him
from
his
first
job
back
in
South
Africa.
她就是以前在南非的时候炒他鱿鱼、使他失去第一份工作的人。
back
home
(in
the
place
that
you
come
from
and
think
of
as
your
home)
以前在家
It
reminded
me
of
evenings
back
home.
这让我想起了以前在家时的那些晚上。
4
BACKWARDS
向后面
in
the
opposite
direction
from
the
way
you
are
facing
向后面; 在后面;
He
glanced
back
at
the
house.
他回头看了一眼那房子。
Kirov
stepped
back
a
pace.
基洛夫往后退了一步。
She
tilted
her
head
back
to
look
at
him.
她仰起头来看他。
5
REPLY/REACTION
回答/回应
if
you
do
something
back,
you
do
it
as
a
reply
or
reaction
to
what
someone
has
said
or
done
回复，回应
Can
I
call
you
back
later?
我稍后再打电话给你好吗？
I’ll
pay
you
back
on
Friday.
我星期五还钱给你。
‘No,
thanks!’
he
shouted
back.
“不用了，谢谢！”他大声地回答。
If
he
hits
you,
you
just
hit
him
back.
如果他打你，你就还手打他。
6
RETURN STH TO SB
把某物还给某人
if
you
give
something,
get
something
etc
back,
you
return
it
to
the
person
who
first
had
it
or
you
have
it
returned
to
you
归还; 取回
Can
we
have
our
ball
back,
please?
我们可以要回我们的球吗？
I
want
all
my
books
back
as
soon
as
you’ve
finished
with
them.
你看完书之后马上全部还给我。
Give
me
back
that
letter!
It’s
none
of
your
business!
把信还给我！跟你无关！
7
IN THE PAST
在过去
in
or
towards
a
time
in
the
past
以前，从前，过去，追溯至
a
pile
of
newspapers
dating
back
to
the
1970s
一堆 20 世纪 70 年代出版的报纸
A
lot
of
emotional
problems
can
be
traced
back
to
childhood.
许多情感问题都可以追溯到童年时期。
Looking
back
on
it,
I
should
have
known
he
was
unhappy.
现在回想起来，我当时应该知道，他并不开心。
At
times,
I
think
back
to
my
life
in
Moscow.
有时候我会回想起我在莫斯科的生活。
[+
in
]
The
house
was
built
back
in
1235.
这房子建于 1235 年。
three
years/two
months
etc
back
(three
years
ago
etc)
三年/两个月等之前
His
wife
died
a
couple
of
years
back.
他妻子几年前过世了。
He
called
me
a
while
back
.
他刚才打电话给我了。
8
AGAIN
再次
once
again
再次，又一次
Go
back
over
your
work
to
check
for
any
mistakes.
检查一遍你的作业有没有错误。
Liverpool
were
back
level
again
two
minutes
later
with
a
superb
goal.
两分钟以后，利物浦队精彩地进了一球，又扳平了比分。
9
sit/lie/lean back
to
sit
or
lie
in
a
comfortable
relaxed
way
舒舒服服地坐/躺/倚着
Sit
back,
relax,
and
enjoy
the
show!
坐好，放松，好好欣赏节目吧！
10
AWAY
离开
away
from
a
surface,
person,
or
thing
离开〔某个表面、人或物〕
She
pulled
the
bandage
back
very
carefully.
她非常小心地拉开绷带。
Her
hair
was
brushed
back
from
her
face.
她的头发往后梳着。
The
woman
nodded
and
stood
back,
allowing
Patrick
to
enter.
那女人点点头，退后让帕特里克进去。
11
back and forth
11.
going
in
one
direction
and
then
in
the
opposite
direction,
and
repeating
this
several
times
来回地
We
travel
back
and
forth
all
the
time
between
Canada
and
England.
我们一直是在加拿大和英格兰之间来回跑。
He
was
pacing
back
and
forth.
他在来回踱步。
12
TOWARDS BEGINNING
往开始的地方
towards
the
beginning
of
a
book,
tape,
document
etc
往前，往回
Turn
back
to
the
summaries
at
the
end
of
section
1.5.
回到前面 1.5 节最后的总结处。
Wind
the
tape
back
to
the
beginning.
把磁带倒回到最前面。
Clicking
on
the
icon
will
take
you
back
to
the
previous
web
page.
点击这个图标會回到前一网页。
noun
13
PART OF YOUR BODY
身体部位
a.
the
part
of
the
body
between
the
neck
and
legs,
on
the
opposite
side
to
the
stomach
and
chest
b.
the
bones
between
your
neck
and
the
top
of
your
legs
脊骨;
The
cat
arched
its
back
and
hissed.
那只猫拱起背发出嘶嘶的声音。
My
feet
were
sore
and
my
back
was
aching.
我双脚酸痛，背也痛。
Keep
your
head
up
and
your
back
straight.
抬头，把背挺直。
To
avoid
back
problems,
always
bend
your
knees
when
you
lift
heavy
objects.
为防止背部的毛病，提起重物的时候一定要曲膝。
He
lay
on
his
back
and
gazed
at
the
ceiling.
他仰面躺着，眼睛盯着天花板。
Johnny
was
lying
flat
on
his
back
in
the
middle
of
the
floor.
约翰尼正仰面直直地躺在地板中央。
Anna
stood
with
her
back
to
the
window.
安娜背对着窗站着。
on
sb’s
back
(carried
on
someone’s
back)
某人背上背着
The
girl
appeared
again,
now
with
a
little
baby
on
her
back.
那女孩又来了，这次背上背了一个小婴孩。
He
broke
his
back
in
a
motorbike
accident.
他在一次摩托车事故中摔断了脊梁骨。
14
NOT AT FRONT
不在前面
the
part
of
something
that
is
furthest
from
the
front
后面，后部;
usually singular 一般用单数 | AmE AmE BrE
a
T-shirt
with
a
picture
of
a
snake
on
the
back
后背是蛇的图案的一件 T 恤衫
[+
of
]
He
kissed
her
on
the
back
of
her
head.
他在她后脑勺上亲了一下。
Her
window
faced
the
backs
of
the
houses.
她的窗户对着这些房屋的后面。
in
the
back
(of
sth)
(used
especially
about
the
back
of
a
vehicle)
在（某物）后部〔尤指车辆〕
Two
men
were
sitting
in
the
back
of
the
car.
两名男子坐在汽车的后排。
at
the
back
(of
sth)
a
small
shop
with
an
office
at
the
back
后面有一间办公室的小商店
in
back
(of
sth)
AmE
(=in
or
at
the
back
of
something)
【美】
在（某物）后部
Kids
should
always
wear
seatbelts
even
in
back.
小孩子应当始终系好安全带，即使坐在后排位置也要系。
out
back
Tom’s
working
on
the
car
out
back.
汤姆在屋后弄汽车。
round/out
the
back
Have
you
looked
round
the
back?
房子后面找过了没有？
15
LESS IMPORTANT SIDE
较为不重要的一面
the
less
important
side
or
surface
of
something
such
as
a
piece
of
paper
or
card
〔纸或纸牌等的〕背面，反面;
usually singular 一般用单数
Paul
scribbled
his
address
on
the
back
of
an
envelope.
保罗把他的地址草草地写在一个信封的背面。
The
credits
are
listed
on
the
back
of
the
album.
制作人员名单列在专辑的背面。
16
PART OF SEAT
坐椅的一部分
the
part
of
a
seat
that
you
lean
against
when
you
are
sitting
椅背，靠背
[+
of
]
He
rested
his
arm
on
the
back
of
the
sofa.
他把一只胳膊搭在沙发的靠背上。
17
BOOK/NEWSPAPER
书/报纸
the
last
pages
of
a
book
or
newspaper
〔书报的〕末尾;
usually singular 一般用单数
at
the
back
(of)
The
sports
pages
are
usually
at
the
back.
体育版通常在最后。
in
the
back
(of)
The
answers
are
in
the
back
of
the
book.
答案见书后。
18
at/in the back of your mind
a
thought
that
is
at
the
back
of
your
mind
is
one
you
try
to
ignore
because
you
do
not
want
it
to
be
true
在内心里〔指不希望是真实的想法〕
At
the
back
of
her
mind
was
the
thought
that
he
might
be
with
someone
else.
她内心里是认为他可能和别人在一起。
put/push
sth
to
the
back
of
your
mind
He
tried
to
push
these
uncomfortable
thoughts
to
the
back
of
his
mind.
他尽量把这些不安的念头放在脑后。
19
back to back
a.
with
the
backs
towards
each
other
b.
happening
immediately
one
after
the
other
连续地，一个接一个地
Stand
back
to
back
and
we’ll
see
who’s
tallest.
背靠背站着我们就能看出谁最高了。
a
couple
of
back
to
back
wins
for
the
team
球队一场接一场的胜利
20
back to front
a.
in
an
incorrect
position
so
that
what
should
be
at
the
back
is
at
the
front
b.
doing
something
the
wrong
way
round
and
starting
with
the
part
that
should
be
at
the
end
顺序颠倒地
BrE
You’ve
got
your
sweater
on
back
to
front.
你把毛衣前后穿反了。
He
got
the
commands
back
to
front
and
the
program
didn’t
work.
他把指令颠倒了，程序没有运行。
21
behind sb’s back
if
you
do
something
behind
someone’s
back,
you
do
it
without
them
knowing
在某人背后，背地里
I
don’t
like
the
idea
of
the
two
of
them
talking
about
me
behind
my
back.
我不喜欢他们两个在背后说我。
I
should
have
realized
that
he’d
go
behind
my
back
(=do
something
without
telling
me)
.
我本来应该明白，他会背着我去干的。
22
when/while sb’s back is turned
10.
if
something
happens
when
your
back
is
turned,
it
happens
when
you
are
not
able
to
see
or
know
what
someone
is
doing
在某人 转身的时候〔指在看不见或不知道的时候〕
What
are
your
kids
up
to
when
your
back
is
turned?
你的孩子会在你不知道的时候搞些什么鬼？
23
get/put sb’s back up
11.
to
annoy
someone
[英，非正式] 使某人生气，使某人产生反感，惹怒某人
BrE informal
Simone
was
the
kind
of
person
who
was
always
putting
people’s
backs
up.
西蒙娜是那种老是惹人生气的人。
24
get (sb) off sb’s back
12.
to
stop
annoying
someone
with
a
lot
of
questions,
criticisms
etc
or
to
make
someone
stop
annoying
you
in
this
way
[口] （使某人）不缠着某人; （使某人）不烦扰某人
spoken
Maybe
the
only
way
to
get
him
off
my
back
is
to
tell
him
the
truth.
也许，要他不来烦我，唯一的办法就是告诉他实话。
Do
me
a
favour
and
get
off
my
back
!
劳驾，别烦我好不好！
25
be on sb’s back
13.
to
be
trying
to
make
someone
do
something
they
do
not
want
to
do
[口] 逼某人做…，硬要某人做…
spoken
Why
are
you
and
Dad
always
on
my
back?
你和爸爸为什么总是要逼着我干这干那？
26
on the back of sth
14.
as
a
result
of
something
that
already
exists
or
something
you
have
already
done
由于〔已存在的某物或已做成的某事〕
The
company
should
be
able
to
generate
business
on
the
back
of
existing
contracts.
依靠现有的这些合同，公司应该能开展业务。
27
on the backs of sb
15.
using
the
work
of
a
particular
group
to
achieve
something
that
they
will
not
get
any
advantage
from
依靠某人〔指依靠从中得不到好处的人〕
Economic
prosperity
was
won
on
the
backs
of
the
urban
poor.
经济繁荣靠的是城市里的贫民。
28
SPORTS
体育运动
a
defending
player
in
a
sports
team
后卫;
29
the back of beyond
17.
a
place
that
is
a
long
way
from
other
places
and
is
difficult
to
get
to
[非正式] 遥远偏僻的地方
informal
It’s
a
nice
little
cottage
but
it
really
is
in
the
back
of
beyond.
这小别墅不错，不过地方实在偏远。
30
be (flat) on your back
18.
a.
to
be
lying
on
your
back
–
used
to
emphasize
that
someone
seems
unlikely
to
get
up
soon
b.
to
be
so
ill
that
you
cannot
get
out
of
bed
c.
if
a
business,
country,
economy
etc
is
on
its
back,
it
is
not
successful
〔生意、国家、经济等〕不景气，疲弱
He
was
drunk
and
flat
on
his
back
on
the
street.
他喝醉了，直挺挺地仰卧在街头。
Their
best
player
was
flat
on
his
back
in
hospital.
他们的最佳球员在医院里卧病不起。
The
UK
market
was
flat
on
its
back.
英国市场疲软。
31
put your back into it
19.
to
work
extremely
hard
at
something
[非正式] 全力以赴，拼命
informal
If
we
really
put
our
backs
into
it,
we
could
finish
today.
如果我们加把劲，今天能干完。
32
be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of sb/sth
20.
to
be
happy
that
someone
is
leaving
or
because
you
no
longer
have
to
deal
with
something
很高兴看到某人离开/某事结束
No,
I’m
not
too
upset
that
he
left
–
in
fact,
I
was
glad
to
see
the
back
of
him.
才不呢，他走了我并不太难过 — 其实我很高兴他走了。
I
can’t
wait
to
see
the
back
of
this
project,
I
can
tell
you
(=I
will
be
happy
when
it
ends)
.
说实话，我巴不得这个项目早点结束。
33
have your back to/against the wall
21.
to
be
in
a
difficult
situation
with
no
choice
about
what
to
do
[非正式] 陷入绝境，被逼得走投无路
informal
34
at your back
22.
a.
behind
you
b.
supporting
you
支持
They
had
the
wind
at
their
backs
as
they
set
off.
他们出发时顺风。
Caesar
marched
into
Rome
with
an
army
at
his
back.
恺撒在军队的支持下长驱直入罗马。
35
on your back
23.
if
someone
achieves
something
on
their
back,
they
achieve
it
by
having
sex
with
someone
[非正式，不礼貌] 在床上一躺〔指通过与别人发生性关系而达到目的〕
informal not polite
36
high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc
24.
with
a
high,
straight,
low
etc
back
高背的/直背的/低背的等
a
high-backed
chair
高背椅
verb
37
SUPPORT
支持
a.
to
support
someone
or
something,
especially
by
giving
them
money
or
using
your
influence
b.
also
又作
to
support
an
idea
by
providing
facts,
proof
etc
支持，证明
T usually passive 一般用被动态
The
scheme
has
been
backed
by
several
major
companies
in
the
region.
这个计划得到了该地区几家大公司的资助。
Some
suspected
that
the
rebellion
was
backed
and
financed
by
the
US.
有人怀疑叛军有美国在背后支持并提供资金。
government-backed
loans
政府担保的贷款
His
claims
are
not
backed
by
any
scientific
evidence.
他的说法没有任何科学依据。
38
MOVE BACKWARDS
向后移动
to
move
backwards,
or
make
someone
or
something
move
backwards
（使）后退
I always + adv/prep, T
[+
into/out
of/away
from
etc
]
She
backed
into
a
doorway
to
let
the
crowds
pass
by.
她退到门口让人群过去。
back
sb
into/towards/out
of
etc
sth
He
began
to
back
her
towards
the
open
door.
他开始逼着她朝开着的门退去。
back
sth
into/towards/out
of
etc
sth
I
backed
the
car
into
the
garage.
我把汽车倒进车库。
39
PUT STH ON THE BACK
加背衬
to
put
a
material
or
substance
onto
the
back
of
something,
in
order
to
protect
it
or
make
it
stronger
给…加背衬
T usually passive 一般用被动态
Back
the
photo
with
cardboard.
在照片后面垫一块硬纸板。
a
plastic-backed
shower
curtain
衬有塑料的浴帘
40
BE BEHIND STH
在某物后面
to
be
at
the
back
of
something
or
behind
it
在…的后面
T usually passive 一般用被动态
The
Jandia
Peninsula
is
a
stretch
of
white
sands
backed
by
a
mountain
range.
汉迪亚半岛是一片依傍山脉的白色沙滩。
41
MUSIC
音乐
to
play
or
sing
the
music
that
supports
the
main
singer
or
musician
伴奏
T usually passive 一般用被动态
They
performed
all
their
hits,
backed
by
a
40-piece
orchestra.
他们演唱了他们所有的走红歌曲，由一支 40 人的乐队为他们伴奏。
42
RISK MONEY
下注
to
risk
money
on
whether
a
particular
horse,
dog,
team
etc
wins
something
下赌注于
T
43
back the wrong horse
to
support
someone
or
something
that
is
not
successful
下错赌注，支持了输家
44
to
move
backwards
and
away
from
something,
especially
because
you
are
frightened
〔尤指因害怕而〕躲开，向后退，退缩
[+
from
]
She
backed
away
from
the
menacing
look
on
his
face.
他一脸凶相，吓得她直往后退。
45
to
stop
supporting
a
plan
or
idea,
or
stop
being
involved
in
something
逐渐退出，不再支持
[+
from
]
The
government
has
backed
away
from
its
nuclear
weapons
strategy.
政府已经放弃核武器战略。
46
to
admit
that
you
are
wrong
or
that
you
have
lost
an
argument
承认〔错误〕; 退让; 认输
Both
sides
have
refused
to
back
down.
双方都不肯退让。
47
to
move
backwards,
away
from
someone
or
something
退后，后退
She
backed
off
and
then
turned
and
ran.
她一步一步往后退去，然后转身跑了。
48
to
stop
telling
someone
what
to
do,
or
stop
criticizing
them,
especially
so
that
they
can
deal
with
something
themselves
放过，不去管〔某人〕
I
think
you
should
back
off
for
a
while.
我想你应该少管管，放手一阵子。
Back
off,
Marc!
Let
me
run
my
own
life!
走开点，马克！我的生活我自己来安排！
49
to
stop
supporting
something,
or
decide
not
to
do
something
you
were
planning
to
do
退出，放弃
Jerry
backed
off
when
he
realized
how
much
work
was
involved.
杰里知道有多大的工作量之后，就放弃了。
[+
from
]
The
company
has
backed
off
from
investing
new
money.
公司已不再投入新的资金了。
50
if
a
building
backs
onto
something,
its
back
faces
it
〔建筑物〕背靠，背对
The
hotel
backs
onto
St
Mark’s
Square.
这家宾馆背靠圣马可广场。
51
to
decide
not
to
do
something
that
you
had
promised
to
do
变卦，打退堂鼓; 食言
It’s
too
late
to
back
out
now.
现在反悔已经太晚了。
After
you’ve
signed
the
contract,
it
will
be
impossible
to
back
out.
签好合同之后你就不可以变卦了。
[+
of
]
The
government
is
trying
to
back
out
of
its
commitment
to
reduce
pollution.
政府曾承诺减少污染，现在想变卦了。
52
back sb/sth up
↔
to
say
or
show
that
what
someone
is
saying
is
true
证实某人的说法，为某人作证; 验证某事
Jane
would
back
me
up
if
she
were
here.
简要是在这儿，她可以为我作证。
There’s
no
evidence
to
back
up
his
accusations.
没有证据可以证明他的指控。
These
theories
have
not
been
backed
up
by
research.
这些理论尚未通过调查验证。
53
back sb/sth up
↔
to
provide
support
or
help
for
someone
or
something
支持 （帮助 ）某人/某事
The
plan’s
success
depends
on
how
vigorously
the
UN
will
back
it
up
with
action.
这个计划成功与否，有赖于联合国是否会积极采取行动加以支持。
The
police
officers
are
backed
up
by
extra
teams
of
people
at
the
weekend.
到了周末，警察得到了增派人员的支援。
54
to
make
a
copy
of
information
stored
on
a
computer
复制（磁盘），备份
Make
sure
you
back
up.
你一定要做好备份。
back
sth
↔
up
These
devices
can
back
up
the
whole
system.
这些设备可以为整个系统备份。
back
sth
↔
up
onto
sth
Back
all
your
files
up
onto
floppy
disks.
把你所有的文件都复制到软盘上去。
55
to
make
a
vehicle
move
backwards
[尤美] 倒（车）
especially AmE
The
truck
stopped
and
then
backed
up.
卡车停下来，然后倒车。
back
sth
↔
up
I
backed
the
car
up
a
little.
我把汽车往后倒了一点。
56
to
move
backwards
向后移动，往后退
Back
up
a
bit
so
that
everyone
can
see.
往后点儿让大家都能看得见。
57
if
traffic
backs
up,
it
forms
a
long
line
of
vehicles
that
cannot
move
〔车辆〕排起长队，积压
The
traffic
was
starting
to
back
up
in
both
directions.
两边的车辆都开始排起了长龙。
58
if
a
toilet,
sink
etc
backs
up,
it
becomes
blocked
so
that
water
cannot
flow
out
of
it
〔马桶、洗涤池等〕堵塞
adj
59
at
or
in
the
back
of
something
后面的，后部的;
You’ll
be
sleeping
in
the
back
bedroom.
你睡后面的卧室吧。
Turn
to
the
back
page.
翻到背面。
I
keep
my
keys
in
my
back
pocket.
我把钥匙放在后兜里。
There
was
the
sound
of
giggling
from
the
back
row.
后排传出咯咯的笑声。
The
rabbit
had
one
of
its
back
legs
caught
in
a
trap.
兔子有一条后腿被夹子夹住了。
60
behind
something,
especially
a
building
在〔建筑物〕后面的;
the
back
garden
后花园
We
left
by
the
back
gate.
我们是经后门离开的。
61
from
the
back
从后面的
The
back
view
of
the
hotel
was
even
less
appealing
than
the
front.
这家旅馆从后面看比前面还要难看。
62
back street/lane/road etc
a
street
etc
that
is
away
from
the
main
streets
偏僻的街道/小巷/马路等
a
short
cut
down
a
back
lane
走小巷的一条近路
63
back rent/taxes/pay etc
money
that
someone
owes
from
an
earlier
date
拖欠的租金/税款/工资等
64
back issue/copy/number
a
copy
of
a
magazine
or
newspaper
from
an
earlier
date
过期的报刊
65
a
back
vowel
sound
is
made
by
lifting
your
tongue
at
the
back
of
your
mouth
[术语] 〔元音〕舌后的，舌根的
technical