scratch
verb
noun
adj
skrætʃ
verb
1
RUB YOUR SKIN
挠皮肤
to
rub
your
skin
with
your
nails
because
it
feels
uncomfortable
〔用指甲〕挠，搔，轻抓;
I,T
John
yawned
and
scratched
his
leg.
约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠腿。
Try
not
to
scratch.
尽量别挠。
[+
at
]
He
was
scratching
at
the
bites
on
his
arm.
他在挠手臂上被叮咬的地方。
2
CUT SB’S SKIN
割破某人的皮肤
to
cut
someone’s
skin
slightly
with
your
nails
or
with
something
sharp
〔用指甲或利器〕抓破，抓伤; 划破
I,T
She
ran
at
him
and
scratched
his
face.
她冲过去抓他的脸。
Don’t
scratch
yourself
on
the
thorns.
别让刺扎着自己。
3
MAKE A MARK
划出痕迹
to
make
a
small
cut
or
mark
on
something
by
pulling
something
sharp
across
it
划出，刮出〔痕迹〕
T
I’m
afraid
I’ve
scratched
your
car.
不好意思，我把你的汽车刮坏了。
Some
of
the
prisoners
had
scratched
their
names
on
the
walls.
有些犯人在墙上刻下自己的姓名。
4
ANIMALS
动物
if
an
animal
scratches,
it
rubs
its
feet
against
something,
often
making
a
noise
〔用爪子〕抓，刨
I always + adv/prep
A
few
chickens
scratched
around
in
the
yard.
几只小鸡在院子里抓抓刨刨。
[+
at
]
a
dog
scratching
at
the
door
to
be
let
in
抓门想进屋的一条狗
5
REMOVE STH
除去某物
to
remove
something
from
a
surface
by
rubbing
it
with
something
sharp
刮掉，划掉
T always + adv/prep
scratch
sth
off/away
etc
I
scratched
away
a
little
of
the
paint
with
my
fingernail.
我用指甲刮掉一点油漆。
6
REMOVE WRITING
划去字迹
to
remove
a
word
from
a
piece
of
writing
by
drawing
a
line
through
it
勾掉，划去〔写下的字〕
T always + adv/prep
scratch
sth
from/off
sth
I
have
scratched
his
name
from
the
list.
我把他的名字从名单上划掉了。
7
MAKE A NOISE
发出声音
to
make
a
rough
sound
by
moving
something
sharp
across
a
surface
〔用尖利物〕刮擦出声音
I always + adv/prep
His
pen
scratched
away
on
the
paper.
他的钢笔写在纸上刷刷地响。
8
scratch the surface
to
deal
with
only
a
very
small
part
of
a
subject
or
problem
仅触及问题的表面
[+
of
]
I
think
we
have
only
scratched
the
surface
of
this
problem.
我认为我们仅仅触及了这个问题的表面。
9
scratch your head
to
think
carefully
about
a
difficult
question
or
problem
动脑筋，〔对难题〕冥思苦想
informal
This
crisis
has
politicians
scratching
their
heads
and
wondering
what
to
do.
这场危机让政客们挠头不已，不知怎么办才好。
10
STOP STH HAPPENING
阻止某事发生
if
you
scratch
an
idea
or
a
plan,
you
decide
that
you
will
not
do
it
[非正式] 取消，撤销〔想法或计划〕
T | informal
11
REMOVE FROM RACE
退出比赛
if
someone
scratches
from
a
race,
or
if
you
scratch
them
from
the
race,
they
do
not
take
part
in
it
[非正式] （使）退出比赛
I,T | informal
12
you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours
12.
used
to
say
that
you
will
help
someone
if
they
agree
to
help
you
[口] 你帮我，我也帮你
spoken
13
to
try
to
find
or
get
something
which
is
difficult
to
find
or
get
〔困难地〕搜寻，查找，寻找
[+
for
]
homeless
people
scratching
around
for
a
place
to
shelter
四处找寻蔽身之处的无家可归者
14
to
remove
a
word
from
a
piece
of
writing
by
drawing
a
line
through
it
划掉，删掉〔文字〕
Emma’s
name
had
been
scratched
out.
埃玛的名字被划掉了。
noun
15
CUT
划伤
a
small
cut
on
someone’s
skin
〔某人皮肤上的〕划痕，划伤
C
There
were
deep
scratches
all
over
her
face.
她脸上全是很深的划痕。
Don’t
worry,
it’s
only
a
scratch
(=not
a
serious
injury)
.
别担心，只是一道划伤。
She
was
unharmed
apart
from
a
few
cuts
and
scratches.
除了几处皮外伤外，她安然无恙。
16
MARK
划痕
a
thin
mark
or
cut
on
the
surface
of
something
刮痕，划痕
C
There
was
a
big
scratch
on
the
car
door.
汽车车门上有一条很长的划痕。
17
from scratch
if
you
start
something
from
scratch,
you
begin
it
without
using
anything
that
existed
or
was
prepared
before
从零开始，从头开始; 白手起家
We
had
to
start
again
from
scratch
.
我们只好再次从零开始。
He
had
built
the
business
up
from
scratch
.
他白手起家创办了这家企业。
18
up to scratch
good
enough
for
a
particular
standard
[英，非正式] 够得上标准，达到应有的水平
BrE informal
Some
of
this
work
isn’t
up
to
scratch.
这项工作有些没有达到标准。
bring/get
sth
up
to
scratch
We
spent
thousands
of
pounds
getting
the
house
up
to
scratch.
我们花了几千英镑把房子弄得像个样子了。
19
RUB
揉搓
when
you
rub
part
of
your
body
with
your
nails
because
it
feels
uncomfortable
[尤英] 抓，挠
singular 单数 | especially BrE
He
stretched
and
had
a
scratch
.
他伸了个懒腰，抓了抓痒。
He
brushed
his
hair
and
gave
his
scalp
a
good
scratch
.
他梳了一下头发，狠狠地抓了抓头皮。
20
SOUND
声音
a
sound
made
by
something
sharp
or
rough
being
rubbed
on
a
hard
surface
刮擦声
C
I
heard
the
scratch
of
a
match
lighting
a
cigarette.
我听到划火柴点香烟的声音。
adj
21
a
scratch
team
or
group
of
people
has
been
put
together
in
a
hurry,
using
anyone
that
is
available
〔球队或一群人等〕仓促拼凑的，匆匆组成的
22
a
scratch
player
in
golf
is
very
good
and
is
not
given
any
advantage
in
games
〔高尔夫球员〕无让杆的，无让步优待的