rough
adj
noun
verb
adv
rʌf
adj
1
NOT SMOOTH
不平的
having
an
uneven
surface
〔表面〕粗糙的，不平的;
Her
hands
were
rough
from
hard
work.
她的手因干重活变粗糙了。
the
rough
terrain
at
the
base
of
the
mountains
山脚下崎岖不平的地形
We
were
bumping
over
the
rough
ground.
我们在崎岖的路面上颠簸而行。
2
NOT EXACT
不确切的
not
exact,
not
containing
many
details,
or
not
in
a
final
form
不确切的，粗略的，大致的;
usually before noun 一般用于名词前
a
rough
sketch
of
the
house
房子的草图
a
rough
translation
粗糙的翻译
Could
you
give
me
a
rough
idea
what
time
you’ll
be
home?
你能告诉我你大概什么时候回家吗？
a
rough
estimate
of
the
cost
对成本的粗略估计
First
do
a
rough
draft
of
your
essay.
首先给你的论文打一个草稿。
3
PROBLEMS/DIFFICULTIES
问题/困难
a
rough
period
is
one
in
which
you
have
a
lot
of
problems
or
difficulties
〔时期〕艰难的;
4
NOT GENTLE
不温柔的
using
force,
anger,
or
violence
粗野的，粗暴的;
Rugby
is
a
very
rough
sport.
橄榄球是一项非常粗野的运动。
Don’t
be
too
rough
–
she’s
only
little.
别太粗暴 — 她还小。
Paul
gave
her
a
rough
shake.
保罗使劲地摇晃她。
equipment
capable
of
withstanding
rough
treatment
坚固耐用的设备
The
referee
won’t
allow
any
rough
stuff
(=violent
behaviour)
.
裁判不允许出现任何粗暴行为。
be
rough
on
sb
(treat
someone
unkindly
or
criticize
them
in
an
angry
way)
对某人很凶
Don’t
you
think
you
were
a
little
rough
on
her?
你不觉得你对她有点儿凶吗？
5
TOWN/AREA ETC
城镇/地区等
a
rough
area
is
a
place
where
there
is
a
lot
of
violence
or
crime
〔地方〕多暴力的; 犯罪率高的
a
rough
part
of
town
城里较乱的地区
6
WEATHER/SEA
天气/海
with
strong
wind
or
storms
暴风雨的; 风浪大的;
The
ship
went
down
in
rough
seas
.
船在汹涌的波涛中沉没了。
7
VOICE/SOUND
嗓音/声音
a.
not
sounding
soft
or
gentle,
and
often
rather
unpleasant
or
angry
b.
having
an
unpleasant
sound,
especially
because
there
is
something
wrong
with
a
machine
刺耳的，难听的〔尤指机器出现故障时发出的声音〕
Barton’s
deep,
rough
voice
巴顿低沉沙哑的嗓音
The
clutch
sounds
rough
–
better
get
it
checked.
离合器的声音不对头，最好检查一下。
8
SIMPLE/NOT WELL MADE
简单的/做得不好的
simple
and
often
not
very
well
made
简单的; 粗糙的
a
rough
wooden
table
粗糙的木桌
9
NOT COMFORTABLE
不舒服的
uncomfortable,
and
with
difficult
conditions
不舒服的; 条件艰苦的
The
journey
was
long
and
rough.
旅途漫长而艰苦。
10
have rough edges be rough around the edges
10.
also
又作
a.
to
have
some
parts
that
are
not
as
good
as
they
should
be,
but
that
are
not
a
serious
problem
b.
if
a
person
is
rough
around
the
edges,
they
are
not
very
polite,
educated
etc
〔人〕粗鲁，粗俗
The
team
has
a
few
rough
edges,
but
they’re
winning
more
games.
这支球队虽然有些小问题，但他们赢得了更多的比赛。
11
rough night
11.
a
night
when
you
did
not
sleep
well
不眠之夜，辗转反侧的一夜
Mickey
had
a
rough
night
last
night.
米基昨晚睡得很不安稳。
12
a rough deal
12.
something
that
happens
to
you
that
is
unfair
or
unpleasant
不公平的待遇; 不愉快的事
He’s
had
a
rough
deal
with
his
wife
leaving
him
like
that.
妻子就这样离开了，这对他很不公平。
13
feel rough
13.
to
feel
ill
[英，非正式] 感觉身体不适
BrE informal
14
look rough
14.
to
look
untidy,
dirty,
or
unhealthy
[英，非正式] 看上去邋遢 （肮脏，不健康 ）
BrE informal
After
travelling
for
two
days
we
must
have
looked
pretty
rough.
在路上走了两天，我们肯定是蓬头垢面的。
15
rough and ready
15.
not
perfect,
but
good
enough
for
a
particular
purpose
粗糙但能用的
The
tests
are
only
a
rough
and
ready
guide
to
a
pupil’s
future
development.
这些测试只能大致看出一个学生未来的发展。
16
rough justice
16.
punishment
that
is
not
decided
in
a
court
in
the
usual
legal
way,
and
that
is
often
severe
or
unfair
私刑
Gangs
practise
a
kind
of
rough
justice
on
their
members.
黑帮对其成员用私刑。
noun
17
the rough
uneven
ground
with
long
grass
on
an
area
where
people
play
golf
〔高尔夫球场的〕深草区;
18
take the rough with the smooth
to
accept
the
bad
things
in
life
as
well
as
the
good
ones
既能享乐也能吃苦; 好坏都能接受
You
have
to
learn
to
take
the
rough
with
the
smooth.
你要学会好坏都能承受。
19
a
picture
drawn
very
quickly,
not
showing
all
the
details
草图，略图;
C
a
rough
of
the
proposed
housing
development
拟建住宅区的草图
20
in rough
if
you
write
or
draw
something
in
rough,
you
do
it
without
paying
attention
to
details
or
tidiness,
because
you
are
going
to
do
it
again
later
[英] 粗略地，大致地
BrE
It’s
best
to
work
in
rough
first,
and
then
write
it
out
neatly.
最好先打一个草稿，然后再工整地誊写出来。
21
a bit of rough
someone
from
a
lower
social
class
than
you,
with
whom
you
have
a
sexual
relationship
[英，非正式] 〔社会地位比自己低的〕性伙伴
BrE informal
verb
22
rough it
to
live
for
a
short
time
in
conditions
that
are
not
very
comfortable
[非正式] 〔短时期〕过艰苦的生活
informal
I
don’t
mind
roughing
it
for
a
while.
偶尔艰苦一下，我无所谓。
23
to
draw
or
write
something
without
including
all
the
details
[英] 勾勒，画…的轮廓; 草拟
a
diagram
the
engineer
had
roughed
out
on
his
notepad
工程师在记事本上画的一幅草图
adv
24
sleep rough
to
sleep
outside
with
nothing
to
protect
you
from
the
weather,
especially
because
you
have
no
home
to
live
in
[英] 露宿〔尤因无家可归〕
BrE
the
number
of
people
sleeping
rough
on
the
street
露宿街头的人数
25
play rough
to
play
in
a
fairly
violent
way
玩得粗野