tough
adj
verb
noun
adv
tʌf
adj
1
DIFFICULT
困难的
difficult
to
do
or
deal
with
难办的，棘手的，费力的
AmE informal
It
was
a
tough
race.
比赛很艰苦。
She’s
had
a
tough
life.
她的生活十分艰辛。
The
company
admitted
that
it
had
been
a
tough
year.
该公司承认那是艰难的一年。
Tough
decisions
will
have
to
be
made.
必须作出艰难的决定。
The
reporters
were
asking
a
lot
of
tough
questions
.
记者们问了很多难以回答的问题。
have
a
tough
time
(of
it)
(face
a
lot
of
difficult
problems)
日子很难过
The
family
has
had
a
tough
time
of
it
these
last
few
months.
最近几个月这家人日子很难熬。
it’s
tough
doing
sth
It’s
tough
being
married
to
a
cop.
嫁给一个警察日子不好过。
be
tough
on
sb
(cause
problems
for
someone
or
make
their
life
difficult)
使某人日子很难过
Having
to
stay
indoors
all
day
is
tough
on
a
kid.
对于小孩子来说整天呆在家里是很难熬的。
It
was
a
tough
call
(=a
difficult
decision)
,
but
we
had
to
cancel
the
game
because
of
the
weather.
那是一个艰难的决定，但是天气不好我们只好取消比赛。
I
find
his
books
pretty
tough
going
(=difficult
to
read)
.
我发现他的书很难读。
Gage
predicted
the
president’s
proposal
would
be
a
tough
sell
(=something
that
is
difficult
to
persuade
someone
about)
before
Congress.
AmE 【美】 盖奇预言总统的提议在国会很难通过。
when
the
going
gets
tough
(the
tough
get
going)
2
STRONG PERSON
坚强的人
physically
or
emotionally
strong
and
able
to
deal
with
difficult
situations
坚强的，顽强的; 能吃苦耐劳的
informal
The
men
who
work
on
the
oil
rigs
are
a
tough
bunch.
在石油钻塔上工作的都是吃苦耐劳的人。
tough
cookie/customer
as
tough
as
nails/as
tough
as
old
boots
(very
tough)
非常坚强的;
能吃大苦的
He’s
as
tough
as
nails
–
a
good
man
to
have
on
the
team.
他是个很坚韧的人 — 队里有他真好。
3
STRONG MATERIAL
坚固的材料
not
easily
broken
or
made
weaker
结实的，不易破损的; 坚固的
tough,
durable
plastic
坚韧耐用的塑料
a
very
tough,
hard-wearing
cloth
非常结实、耐磨损的布料
4
STRICT/FIRM
严格的/坚定的
very
strict
or
firm
严厉的; 强硬的
[+
on/with
]
My
mother
was
very
tough
on
my
sister.
我母亲对我姐姐十分严厉。
It’s
time
to
get
tough
with
drunk
drivers.
是该严格处理酒后驾车的司机了。
The
EU
is
taking
a
tough
line
with
the
UK
over
this
issue.
欧盟在这一问题上对英国采取了强硬的态度。
5
VIOLENT AREA
暴力地区
a
tough
part
of
a
town
has
a
lot
of
crime
or
violence
〔城区〕暴力犯罪多发的，治安很差的
tough
neighborhood/area/part
of
town
etc
a
tough
area
of
Chicago
芝加哥治安很差的一个地区
6
tough!/that’s tough!
used
when
you
do
not
have
any
sympathy
with
someone
[口] 活该！
spoken
‘I’m
getting
wet.’
‘Tough!
You
should’ve
brought
your
umbrella.’
“我淋湿了。”“活该！ 你应该带雨伞的。”
She
didn’t
tell
us
she
was
coming,
so
if
this
screws
up
her
plans
that’s
just
tough.
她没有告诉我们她要来，所以，如果这打乱了她的计划，也是活该。
7
tough luck!
a.
used
when
you
do
not
have
any
sympathy
for
someone’s
problems
b.
used
when
you
feel
sympathy
about
something
bad
that
has
happened
to
someone
[英] 真倒霉！〔表示同情〕
spoken BrE
Well,
that’s
just
their
tough
luck!
It
was
their
mistake.
好啊，活该他们倒霉！ 那是他们自己的错。
You
didn’t
get
the
job?
Oh,
tough
luck!
你没有得到那份工作？ 噢，真不走运！
8
tough shit!
used
when
you
do
not
have
any
sympathy
for
someone’s
problems
[口，不礼貌] 活该！
spoken not polite
9
VIOLENT PERSON
粗暴的人
likely
to
behave
violently
and
having
no
gentle
qualities
粗暴的，凶恶的
one
of
football’s
most
notorious
tough
guys
足球界一个声名狼藉的恶棍
tough
young
thugs
looking
for
trouble
到处滋事的年轻暴徒
10
FOOD
食物
difficult
to
cut
or
eat
切不下的; 咬不动的; 不嫩的，老的;
The
meat
was
tough
and
hard
to
chew.
这肉太老，很难嚼。
the
tough
outer
leaves
of
the
cabbage
洋白菜外面那几层老菜叶
11
tough love
11.
a
way
of
helping
someone
to
change
their
behaviour
by
treating
them
in
a
kind
but
strict
way
〔为帮助某人改变行为而采取的〕严格的爱，恩威并施
verb
12
to
deal
with
a
difficult
situation
by
being
determined,
rather
than
leaving
or
changing
your
decision
渡过〔难关〕，从〔困境〕中挺过来
She
told
herself
to
be
brave
and
tough
it
out
.
她告诉自己要勇敢地坚持下去。
noun
13
someone
who
often
behaves
in
a
violent
way
[过时] 暴徒，恶棍
adv
14
in
a
way
that
shows
you
are
very
determined
坚强地，坚定地
Washington
played
tough
in
the
second
half
of
the
game.
华盛顿队在比赛的下半场表现得十分顽强。
You’re
talking
tough
now
but
you
wait
until
you
get
into
the
interview.
你现在嘴硬，等到你面试时就知道了。