how
adv, conjunction
haʊ adv, conjunction
1 used to ask or talk about the way in which something happens or is done 怎样，如何
How do you spell your name?
你的名字怎么拼写？
How can I help you?
我怎么帮你？
I’d like to help in some way, but I’m not sure how.
我想帮点忙，可不知道该怎么做。
He explained how the system worked.
他讲解了该系统是如何运转的。
We both used to work at the airport – that’s how we met.
我们俩都曾经在机场工作过，我们就是这么认识的。
how to do sth
I don’t know how to get to your house.
我不知道怎么去你家。
Alan showed me how to load the gun.
艾伦教我怎么给枪装上子弹。
advice on how best (=the best way) to invest your money
如何以最好方式进行投资的建议
They had a number of suggestions as to how the service could be improved.
他们有一些关于如何改进服务的建议。
This still leaves the question of how local services should be funded.
这仍然遗留下如何为地方公共事业提供资金的问题。
how on earth/in the world etc (used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc) 到底[究竟]如何〔在惊讶、愤怒等时用于强调〕
How on earth did you find out?
你到底是怎么发现的？
2 used to ask or talk about the amount, size, degree etc of something 〔数量、大小、程度等〕多少
How big is the state of Louisiana?
路易斯安那州有多大？
How many kids do they have now?
他们现在有几个孩子？
How long have you been learning English?
你学英语多久了？
Do you know how old it is?
你知道它有多古老吗？
They couldn’t tell exactly how far away the bridge was.
他们说不清那座桥确切有多远。
She wondered how much Angela already knew.
她想搞清楚安杰拉已经了解了多少。
how much? (used to ask the price of something) 多少钱〔用于询问价格〕
How much are the tickets?
这些票多少钱？
3 a. used to ask about someone’s health, especially when you meet them b. used when you meet someone to ask for news about their life, work etc 怎么样〔用于询问生活、工作等〕 spoken
‘Hi Laurie, how are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks. How are you?’
“嗨，劳里，你好吗？”“很好，谢谢，你呢？”
Has Ros had the baby yet? How is she?
罗丝生孩子了吗？她怎么样了？
‘How’s your ankle this morning?’ ‘Better, thanks.’
“今天上午你的脚踝情况如何？”“好些了，谢谢。”
So how’s it going at work these days? Still enjoying it?
那么近来工作怎么样？ 仍然很开心吗？
‘ How are things with you?’ ‘Fine.’
“你过得好吗？”“挺好。”
How are you doing ?
你过得好吗？
4 used to ask someone about their opinion or experience of something 怎么样〔用于询问看法、经历〕
How was the film?
那部电影怎么样？
‘How’s your steak?’ ‘Mmm, it’s good.’
“牛排味道怎么样？”“嗯，不错。”
How did your exams go?
你考试考得怎么样？
How do you feel about seeing Peter again?
再次见到彼得会感觉如何？
How’s that? Does that feel comfortable?
怎么样？那样感觉舒服吗？
5 used after certain adjectives or verbs to refer to an event or situation 〔用于某些形容词或动词之后，指某一事件或情形〕
It’s amazing how they’ve managed to get everything finished so quickly.
让人吃惊的是他们怎么如此迅速就把一切都完成了。
I remember how she always used to have fresh flowers in the house.
我还记得她家总是有很多鲜花的情形。
6 used to emphasize the quality you are mentioning 多么，何等〔加强语气〕 +adj/adv
How lovely to see you!
见到你真高兴！
‘John’s been in an accident.’ ‘Oh, how awful!’
“约翰出事了。”“哦，太糟了！”
I didn’t realize how difficult it was to get tickets.
我当时没有意识到弄几张票那么困难。
He was impressed at how well she could read.
给他留下深刻印象的是她认识那么多字。
7 or written used to say that something happens to a very great degree [过时或书面] 〔表示程度大〕 old-fashioned
How the crowd loved it!
人们太喜欢它了！
8
how about...?
a. used to make a suggestion about what to do b. used to ask about another person or thing 〔用于提及另一人或事〕…又怎么样呢？ AmE :
No, I’m busy on Monday. How about Tuesday at seven?
不行，我星期一没空。 星期二七点行吗？
how about doing sth
How about putting the sofa closer to the window?
把沙发挪得离窗户近一些好吗？
How about we have that game when we get back?
我们回来后玩那个游戏好吗？
How about if we tell the police where Newley is hiding?
我们告诉警方纽利的藏身之处好吗？
how’s about
How’s about going to the beach this afternoon?
今天下午去海滩好吗？
‘Mary and Ken are still away.’ ‘And how about Billy?’
“玛丽和肯还没回来。”“那比利呢？”
I need a long cold drink. How about you?
我要一杯大杯的冷饮。 你呢？
9 how do you mean? used to ask someone to explain something they have just said 你是指什么？〔要求进一步解释〕
‘What’s your family situation?’ ‘How do you mean?’ ‘Are you married?’
“你的家庭状况如何？”“你是指什么？”“你结婚了吗？”
10
how come?
10. used to ask why something has happened or why a particular situation exists, especially when you are surprised by it [非正式] 怎么会呢？〔尤表示惊讶〕 informal
How come Dave’s home? Isn’t he feeling well?
戴夫怎么会在家呢？ 他不舒服吗？
11
how do you do?
11. used as a polite greeting when you meet someone for the first time [正式] 您好！〔初次见面时的礼貌问候语〕 formal
12
how can/could sb do sth?
12. used when you are very surprised by something or disapprove strongly of something 某人怎么能做某事呢？〔表示震惊或强烈反感〕
William! How can you say such a thing?
威廉！ 你怎么能说这种话呢？
How could anyone be so cruel?
怎么会有人这么冷酷呢？
13
how you like/want
13. in whatever way you like or want [英，非正式] 随便 BrE informal
Then you can arrange it how you like.
那么随便你怎么安排吧。
14
how about that!/how do you like that!
14. used when you think something is surprising, rude, impressive etc 你信吗？/你说怎么样呀？〔用于认为某事令人吃惊、粗鲁、给人印象深刻等时〕
He scored two goals! How about that!
他踢进了两个球！ 你说神奇不神奇？
15
how’s that for sth?
15. used to say that you think something is very impressive 某事怎么样 （如何 ）？〔用于认为某事给人印象很深刻时〕
I’ve already arranged everything. How’s that for efficiency?
我已经全部安排好了，够有效率吧？
16
how... is that?
16. a. used to say that an action or event has a particular quality to a great degree b. used to say that an action or event does not have a particular quality 那怎么…？〔用于表示某一行为或事件没有某种特性〕 informal
He sent himself a card for Valentine’s Day. How sad is that?
情人节他给自己寄了一张贺卡，你说有多凄凉呀！
They say they’re not going to leave, but how likely is that?
他们说不打算走了，不过那怎么可能呢？
17
how so?
17. used to ask someone to explain an opinion they have given 怎么…？〔要求解释〕
‘Rick’s parents are a little strange, I think.’ ‘How so?’
“我觉得里克的父母有些怪。”“怎么怪法？”
18
how about if…?
18. used to mention something that may happen, and ask what should be done if it does happen [非正式] 要是…会怎样？ informal
How about if we quit now?
要是我们现在放弃会怎么样？
19
and how!
19. used to say ‘yes’ strongly in reply to a question [过时] 那还用说！当然啦！〔用于对问题极肯定的回答〕 old-fashioned
‘Was Matt drunk?’ ‘And how!’
“马特醉了吗？”“那还用说！”