short
adj
adv
noun
verb
ʃɔːt adj
1
TIME
时间
happening or continuing for only a little time or for less time than usual 短（暂）的，短期的;
a short meeting
一个短会
Morris gave a short laugh.
莫里斯笑了一声。
a short course on business English
商业英语短期课程
Winter is coming and the days are getting shorter.
冬天来临，白日变短了。
I’ve only been in Brisbane a short time .
我才来布里斯班不久。
For a short while (=a short time) , the city functioned as the region’s capital.
这座城市曾经短暂地作过这个地区的首府。
I learned a lot during my short period as a junior reporter.
在当初级记者这短短的一段时间里，我学到了许多。
Germany achieved spectacular economic success in a relatively short period of time .
德国在相对较短的时间里取得了非凡的经济成就。
They met and married within a short space of time .
他们从相识到结婚只经历了很短的一段时间。
I promise to keep the meeting short and sweet (=short in a way that is good, especially not talking for a long time) .
我保证会议紧凑不拖拉。
For a few short weeks (=they seemed to pass very quickly) the sun shone and the fields turned gold.
短短的几个星期里，阳光照耀，大地变成了一片金黄。
2
LENGTH/DISTANCE
长度/距离
measuring a small amount in length or distance 〔长度或距离〕短的;
a short skirt
一条短裙
Anita had her hair cut short.
安妮塔把头发剪短了。
They went by the shortest route, across the fields.
他们抄近路从田野里穿过去。
Carol’s office was only a short distance away, and she decided that she would walk there.
卡萝尔的办公室并不远，她决定走着去。
a short walk/flight/drive
It’s a short drive to the airport.
开车去机场很近。
The hotel is only a short walk from the beach.
由海滩步行到酒店没多远。
3
NOT TALL
不高的
someone who is short is not as tall as most people 个子矮的;
a short plump woman
一个矮矮胖胖的女人
Chris was short and stocky, with broad shoulders.
克里斯个子不高，长得敦实，肩膀宽宽的。
He’s a bit shorter than me.
他比我稍矮些。
4
BOOK/LETTER
书/信
a book, letter etc that is short does not have many words or pages 简短的;
a short novel
一部篇幅不长的小说
I wrote a short note to explain.
我写了张简短的便条作解释。
5
NOT ENOUGH
不够的
a. if you are short of something, you do not have enough of it b. if something is short, there is not enough of it 不足的，短缺的 BrE spoken BrE
be short (of sth)
Can you lend me a couple of dollars? I’m a little short.
你能借点钱给我吗？我手头有点紧。
be short of money/cash/funds
Our libraries are short of funds.
我们的图书馆缺少经费。
be 5p/$10 etc short
Have you all paid me? I’m about £9 short.
你们都付钱给我了吗？我还少九英镑左右。
I’m a bit short
sb is not short of sth
Your little girl’s not short of confidence, is she?
你的小女儿自信心很足，是吗？
They’re not short of a few bob (=they are rich) .
他们不缺钱。
Money was short in those days.
那时候钱很紧。
It’s going to be difficult – time is short.
难办了 — 时间不够。
Gasoline was in short supply (=not enough of it was available) after the war.
战后汽油供应短缺。
6
be short on sth
to have less of something than you should have 缺乏某物
He’s a nice guy, but a little short on brains.
他这家伙人不错，只是有点没脑子。
The President’s speech was long on colorful phrases but short on solutions.
总统的演讲词藻华丽，但缺乏解决问题的方法。
7
LESS THAN
少于
a little less than a number 少于，未达到〔某个数〕
[+ of ]
Her time was only 2 seconds short of the world record.
她的时间和世界纪录只差了两秒钟。
just/a little short of sth
She was just short of six feet tall.
她身高差一点儿才够六英尺。
8
short notice
if something is short notice, you are told about it only a short time before it happens 没有提前多少时间的通知，很迟才通知 BrE AmE :
I can’t make it Friday. It’s very short notice .
我星期五不行，时间太紧了。
at short notice
The party was arranged at short notice.
聚会是匆匆忙忙筹备的。
9
in the short term/run
during the period of time that is not very far into the future 在短期内;
These measures may save money in the short term, but we’ll end up spending more later.
这些措施在短期内可能会省钱，但是到后来反而会花费更多。
10
have a short memory
10. if someone has a short memory, they soon forget something that has happened 记性不好
Voters have very short memories.
选民的记性是很差的。
11
be short for sth
11. to be a shorter way of saying a name 是某事物的简称
Her name is Alex, short for Alexandra.
她名叫 Alex（亚历克丝），是 Alexandra（亚历山德拉）的简称。
12
be short of breath
12. to be unable to breathe easily, especially because you are unhealthy 呼吸短促，气喘吁吁〔尤因身体不健康〕
He couldn’t walk far without getting short of breath.
他路走长了就会气喘吁吁。
13
be short with sb
13. to speak to someone using very few words, in a way that seems rude or unfriendly 对某人说话简慢无礼
Sorry I was short with you on the phone this morning.
对不起，我今天上午在电话里怠慢了你。
14
have a short temper/fuse
14. to get angry very easily 脾气暴躁
Mr Yanto, who had a very short fuse, told her to get out.
脾气很暴躁的杨多先生叫她出去。
15
get/be given short shrift
15. if you or your idea, suggestion etc is given short shrift, you are told immediately that you are wrong and are not given any attention or sympathy 〔观点、建议等〕当即遭到否定，受冷遇
McLaren got short shrift from all the record companies when he first presented his new band to them in 1976.
麦克拉伦在 1976 年第一次把他的新乐队推荐给唱片公司时，受到了所有唱片公司的冷落。
16
be nothing/little short of sth
16. used to emphasize that something is very good, very surprising etc 毫不逊于某事物〔用于强调〕
Her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.
她的康复简直是个奇迹。
The results are little short of astonishing.
结果太令人惊讶了。
17
draw/get the short straw
17. to be given something difficult or unpleasant to do, especially when other people have been given something better 得个苦差事; 比别人吃亏
Giles drew the short straw, and has to give us a talk this morning.
贾尔斯运气不好，今天上午得给我们作报告。
18
make short work of (doing) sth
18. to finish something quickly and easily, especially food or a job 迅速完成，轻易解决〔尤指食物或一项工作〕
The kids made short work of the sandwiches.
孩子们很快就把三明治解决了。
Computers can make short work of complex calculations.
计算机能够迅速完成复杂的计算。
19
have/get sb by the short and curlies have/get sb by the short hairs
19. also 又作 to put someone in a situation in which they are forced to do or accept what you want 强迫某人做，硬逼某人接受: BrE informal not polite
20
be one … short of a …
20. used humorously to say that someone is a little crazy or stupid [口] 〔某人〕有点冒傻气 （愚蠢 ）〔幽默用法〕 spoken
Lady, are you a few aces short of a deck?
女士，你是在犯傻还是怎么的？
He’s one sandwich short of a picnic .
他有点脑子不开窍。
21
short time
21. when workers work for fewer hours than usual, because the company cannot afford to pay them their full wage [英] 短工时，缩短工作时间〔因公司支付不起全额工资〕 BrE
Most of the workers were put on short time .
大部分工人开工不足。
22
in short order
22. in a short time and without delay [正式] 在短时间内，毫不拖延地 formal
23
give sb short measure
23. to give someone less than the correct amount of something, especially in a shop [英，过时] 〔尤指商店售货〕少给某人分量，给某人的分量不足 BrE old-fashioned
24
SOUND
声音
a short vowel is pronounced quickly without being emphasized, for example the sound of a in ‘cat’, e in ‘bet’, and i in ‘bit’ [术语] 〔元音〕发短音的; technical
He was suffering from shortness of breath.
他患有气急的毛病。
Shirley was very conscious of her shortness and always wore high heels.
雪莉对自己个子矮很在意，总是穿高跟鞋。
25 speech/piece of writing 演讲/文章
brief
26 person 人
not very tall
27 time/event 时间/事件
brief
28 legs/fingers 腿/手指
stumpy
29 clothes 衣服
skimpy
adv
30
fall short of sth
to be less than what you need, expected, or hoped for, or to fail to reach a satisfactory standard 达不到〔目的、期望、标准〕
The Republicans increased their share of the vote, but still fell short of a majority.
共和党票数增加了，但仍达不到多数。
Shares in the company dropped 26p yesterday, as profits fell short of City expectations .
昨天公司股票下跌 26 便士，因为其利润低于伦敦金融界的预期。
fall short of a goal/target/ideal
The economy fell short of the Treasury’s target of 2% growth.
经济未能达到财政部 2% 的增长目标。
fall far/a long way/well short of sth
Facilities in these schools fall far short of the standards required.
这些学校的设施远远未达到所要求的标准。
One or two songs on the album are interesting, but most fall short of the mark (=are not good enough) .
这张专辑中有一两首歌还算不错，但大部分都不怎么样。
31
be running short (of/on sth)
if you are running short of something, or if something is running short, it is being used up and there will soon not be enough left （某物）使用殆尽，即将用完
We’re running short of coffee again.
我们的咖啡又快没有了。
Our supplies of petrol were running short.
我们的汽油存货不多了。
Come on, time’s running short !
快点，时间不多了！
32
stop short of doing sth
to almost do something but then decide not to do it 将要做某事时突然罢手，险些做某事
They accused the President of incompetence, but stopped short of calling for his resignation.
他们指责总统无能，差点要求他辞职。
33
stop short
to suddenly stop speaking or stop what you are doing, because something has surprised you or you have just thought of something 〔在说话或做事时因吃惊或想到某事而〕突然停下
Seeing her tears, he stopped short.
看到她在流泪，他吃惊地停了下来。
34
be cut short
if something is cut short, it is stopped before you expect or before it is finished 突然中断
His career was tragically cut short when, at the age of 42, he died of a heart attack.
他 42 岁时因心脏病发作早逝，事业不幸中断。
35
cut sb short
to interrupt and stop someone when they are speaking 打断某人的话
I was halfway through my explanation when Walter cut me short.
我正解释到一半时，沃尔特打断了我的话。
36
pull/bring sb up short
to surprise or shock someone so that they stop what they are doing or saying to think for a moment 让某人怔了一下，使某人愣了一愣
The question brought her up short, but after a moment’s hesitation, she answered it.
这个问题使她愣了一愣，但她犹豫了一下后还是回答了。
37
3 metres/5 miles etc short of sth
without reaching a place you are trying to get to, because you are still a particular distance from it 距某处还差 3 米/5 英里等
The plane touched down 200 metres short of the runway.
这架飞机在距跑道 200 米的地方着陆。
38
two weeks/a month etc short of sth
two weeks, a month etc before something 距某时间不到两个星期/一个月等
He died two days short of his fifty-sixth birthday.
他在 56 岁生日还差两天时去世了。
39
short of (doing) sth
10. without actually doing something 除非（做）某事
Short of locking her in her room, he couldn’t really stop her from seeing Jack.
他实在没有办法阻止她去见杰克，就差把她锁在房里了。
40
come up short
11. to fail to win or achieve something 未能赢取; 未能获得
We’ve been to the state tournament four times, but we’ve come up short every time.
我们四次参加州锦标赛，每一次都落败而归。
41
go short (of sth)
12. to have less of something than you need [英] 不够，欠缺（某物） BrE
She made sure that her children never went short.
她确保自己的子女什么都不缺。
42
be taken short/be caught short
13. to have a sudden strong need to go to the toilet when you are not near one [英，非正式] 突然要上厕所 BrE informal
noun
43
shorts
a. short trousers ending at or above the knees b. men’s underwear with short legs [尤美] 男用短内裤 plural 复数 | especially AmE
a pair of shorts
一条短裤
tourists in shorts and T-shirts
穿短裤和 T 恤的旅游者
Craig was standing in the kitchen in his shorts.
克雷格穿着短裤衩站在厨房里。
44
in short
used when you want to give the main point of something 总而言之，简单地说
Carter hoped for greater trust between the two nations, more trade, more cultural exchanges – in short, a genuine peace.
卡特希望两国之间能够增进相互信任，增加贸易和文化交流。总而言之，就是有真正的和平。
45
for short
used as a shorter way of saying a name 简称，缩写
His name’s Maximilian, but we just call him Max for short.
他的名字叫马克西米利安，但我们就叫他马克斯。
46 a short film shown in the cinema [非正式] 〔在电影正片前放映的〕短片 C | informal
47 a strong alcoholic drink that is not beer or wine, drunk in a small glass [英，非正式] 〔用小酒杯喝的〕烈酒; C | BrE informal AmE
Do you fancy a short?
你要来杯烈酒吗？
48 a SHORT CIRCUIT [非正式] 短路 C | informal
a short in the system
系统短路
verb
49
short out
also 又作 to SHORT CIRCUIT , or make something do this （使）短路
The toaster shorted and caused a fire.
烤面包机短路，引起了火灾。