scale
noun
verb
skeɪl noun
1
SIZE/LEVEL
大小/程度
the size or level of something, or the amount that something is happening 规模，范围，程度 singular 单数, U
[+ of ]
We had underestimated the scale of the problem.
我们低估了这个问题的严重性。
on a large/small/grand etc scale
There has been housing development on a massive scale since 1980.
自 1980 年以来一直在大规模地进行住宅开发。
Most alternative technologies work best on a small scale.
大多数替代性技术小规模使用效果最佳。
A structural survey revealed the full scale of the damage.
一项结构鉴定揭示了实际受损程度。
I was shocked by the sheer scale (=very big scale) of the destruction.
破坏程度之大让我感到很震惊。
on a global/international/world scale
Pollution could cause changes to weather patterns on a global scale.
污染会引起全球性气候模式的改变。
Large firms benefit from economies of scale (=ways of saving money because they are big) .
大公司从规模经济中得益。
2
RANGE
范围
a whole range of different types of people or things, from the lowest level to the highest 等级，级别 C usually singular 一般用单数
Some rural schools have 50 pupils, while at the other end of the scale are city schools with nearly 5,000 pupils.
某些农村学校只有 50 名学生，而规模大的城市学校却有近 5000 名学生。
up/down the scale
She gradually made her way up the social scale .
她的社会地位逐渐提升。
animals which are lower down the evolutionary scale (=the range of animals that have developed gradually over a long time)
进化级别中较低等的动物
3
FOR WEIGHING
用于称重
a machine for weighing people or objects 秤; 磅秤: plural 复数 | BrE ; scaleAmE
a set of kitchen scales
一套厨房用秤
some new bathroom scales (=scales that you use to weigh yourself)
一些新的浴室用秤
4
MEASURING SYSTEM
计量制
a system of numbers that is used for measuring the amount, speed, quality etc of something 〔用于计量数量、速度、质量等的〕标准，级别 C
on a scale
The earthquakes measured 7 on the Richter scale.
这次地震是里氏 7 级。
changes to the company’s pay scale
该公司工资等级的变动
Your performance will be judged on a scale of 1 to 10.
你的表现将按 1 到 10 的标准来评分。
We use a sliding scale (=in which prices are not firmly fixed) for charges.
我们收费采用浮动制度。
5
MEASURING MARKS
计量刻度
a set of marks with regular spaces between them on a tool that is used for measuring, or on the side of a mathematical drawing 刻度，标度 C
a ruler with a metric scale
有公制刻度的尺子
6
MAP/MODEL
地图/模型
the relationship between the size of a map, drawing, or model and the actual size of the place or thing that it represents 〔实物与图表、模型之间的〕比例（尺），比率 C,U
a map with a scale of 1:250,000
比例尺为 1 比 250,000 的地图
to scale
All our models are made to scale.
我们所有的模型都是按比例制作的。
scale model/drawing etc (one done using a strict scale) 按比例缩放的模型/画等
a scale drawing of the Eiffel Tower
埃菲尔铁塔的一幅缩尺图
7
MUSIC
音乐
a series of musical notes that become higher or lower, with fixed distances between each note 音阶 C
the scale of G major
G 大调音阶
8
FISH
鱼
one of the small flat pieces of skin that cover the bodies of fish, snakes etc 〔鱼、蛇等的〕鳞 C usually plural 一般用复数
9
TEETH
牙齿
a white substance that forms on your teeth [英] 牙垢 U | BrE
10
WATER PIPES
水管
a white substance that forms around the inside of hot water pipes or containers in which water is boiled 〔热水管、容器内的〕水垢，水锈 U
11
the scales fell from sb’s eyes
11. used to say that someone suddenly realized something important [文] 恍然大悟，幡然醒悟 literary
verb
12 to climb to the top of something that is high and difficult to climb 攀登
Rescuers had to scale a 300m cliff to reach the injured climber.
救援人员要登上 300 公尺的悬崖才能到达受伤的登山者身旁。
13 to make writing or a picture the right size for a particular purpose [术语] 改变〔文字、图片〕的尺寸大小 technical
scale sth to sth
The writing can be scaled to any size, depending on the paper.
文字可缩放到任何尺寸，视纸张的大小而定。
14
scale the heights
to be extremely successful 登上事业的顶峰
By the age of 21 he had already scaled the heights in the academic world.
他在 21 岁的时候就已经登上了学术界的高峰。