without
prep, adv
wɪðˈaʊt prep, adv
1 not having something, especially something that is basic or necessary 缺乏，没有〔尤指基本或必要之物〕
After the storm we were without electricity for five days.
暴风雨之后我们断电了五天。
a house without a garden
不带花园的房子
We passed two ruined abbeys, one with a tower and one without.
我们路过两座破落的寺院，一座有塔楼，另一座没有。
I’m getting used to managing without a car.
我已经习惯没有汽车了。
2 used to say that a particular thing has not happened when someone does something 在没有…的情况下
Suddenly and without any warning, the army opened fire.
突然间没有任何警告，军队开火了。
He had gone out without his parents’ permission.
他没经父母同意便出去了。
I accepted his offer without a moment’s hesitation.
我毫不犹豫地接受了他的提议。
I got to my destination without too much difficulty.
我没费太大周折就到达了目的地。
without doing sth
‘What do you expect?’ he said, without looking at her.
“你想怎么样呢？”他看也不看她说道。
Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office (=he did not even say thank you as he should have done) .
本连一个谢字也没有，转身就回到了办公室。
3 not feeling or showing that you feel a particular emotion 没有，不带〔某种感情〕
He told his story without anger or bitterness.
他讲述了自己的故事，没有怒气，也没有痛苦。
4 not being with someone, or not having them to help you, especially someone you like or need 无，没有〔人，相伴或给你帮助〕
I don’t know what I’d do without you.
我不知道没有你我该怎么办。
Won’t you be lonely without her?
没有她你不会寂寞吗？
The rest of the group set off without him.
队里的其他人出发了，只留下他一人。
5
without wanting/wishing to do sth
used before a criticism, complaint, or other statement to make it less strong 不想/不愿意做某事〔用于批评、投诉或其他陈述之前，以示婉转〕
Without wanting to sound too boastful, I think we have the best television programmes in the world.
我并不是想吹嘘，我确实觉得我们有世界上最精彩的电视节目。
6 outside [旧] 在外面 old use